The Wife of Bath from the Canterbury Tales Essay Example for Free

The Wife of Bath from the Canterbury Tales EssayPowerful Women What would you think of someone who has been married five clock times, and uses their body as a talk terms tool to get what they want from their husbands? Would you consider that to be trashy and of low morals or smart and powerful? Or would you comp ar them to the modern mean solar day celebrity? The Wife of Bath from The Canterbury Tales is an older woman who lived sometime in the middle ages, who loves to argue and be right. Elizabeth Taylor is a stunningly beautiful 1950s actress who was the display case of person that got around a lot and was sexually scandalous.The Wife of Bath and Elizabeth Taylor relate to each other very closely. The Wife of Bath and Elizabeth Taylor are some(prenominal) women of high class and sophistication. They are overly very experienced in the field of love. The Wife of Bath and Elizabeth Taylor were both considered to be very classy women from their time period. In The Canterbu ry Tales, The Wife of Bath is described to be someone of high fashion, wore expensive clothing, and was materialistic. Her hose were of the finest scarlet red and gartered tight her shoes were soft and new. unmixed was her face, handsome, and red in hue. A worthy woman all her life (Chaucer 466 469). Even though the Wife of Bath is not seen as being very attractive, the clothing she wore and her attitude towards people makes her seem like a woman of high class. In comparison, Elizabeth Taylor was famous and known for being astonishingly beautiful. Early on, scouts were riveted by the astonishingly lovely child with violet eyes and a sultry, almost adult, beauty. (Rosen). Taylor, being a famous actress, could concede to wear name brand clothing.Taylor was too very well mannered and the carried herself with high class. Furthermore, the Wife of Bath is known to be the experienced expert on love and sex. During her prologue, she insists on arguing with the pardoner and proves her p oint until she wins. She knew the remedies for loves mischances, an art in which she knew the oldest dances. (Chaucer 485 -486). The Wife of Bath, being married five divers(prenominal) times, asserts herself to be the know-it-all expert on love. Elizabeth Taylor was also very experienced in the field of love.Taylor was married eight times to seven people. The melodrama of Taylors life includes 8 marriages to 7 different men, 4 children, widowhood, affairs (Rosen). During the demarcation of her life, Taylor had numerous affairs and scandals. Constantly being watched by the public, nothing she did was kept private. In conclusion, The Wife of Bath from The Canterbury Tales and the actress, Elizabeth Taylor are very closely related. They both are experienced in the field of love. The Wife has been married five times and believes that she is the expert when it comes to love and marriage.She loves to argue with the other travelers and prove that she is right. Elizabeth Taylor has been married eight different times, has been involved with multiple affairs and scandals over the course of her life, and has been in the view of the public eye. They also are considered women of high class. The Wife wears only the finest clothing make of the finest materials. The way she carries herself, she almost thinks she is more worthy and more educated than everyone else. Elizabeth Taylor was famous for and known for being one of the most beautiful women in the country.Since she was an actress, she obviously could afford to wear the most expensive clothing she could find. Overall, the Wife of Bath and Elizabeth Taylor were very similar in a few ways Works Cited Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Canterbury Tales.

Hemingway’s fiction is not his suicide note Essay Example for Free

Hemingways fiction is not his suicide note EssayEarnest Hemingway, the literary genius of the late 1800s produced volumes upon volumes of both poetry and fiction. afterward a short and very fruitful life Hemingway committed suicide only when failed to succeed in initial attempts. Later, he finally succumbed to the great counterpoise death.Some people have surmised that Hemingway left clues to his unlikely demise in his fiction, however, suicide cut the strings before they were painfully drawn pop Hemingway assay to suck life dry of anything and everything he could fathom (Gunsberg, 1995) This basically means that Hemingway believed that it was necessary to experience everything, even death, to enrich his art and craft. Although Hemingway committed suicide, and although whiley of his pee focuses on death and suicide, it would be grossly unfair to conclude that he foretold his suicide in his fiction because this would be underestimating the power of the writer and his geniu s. A hopeful writer like Hemingway used his fiction as a form of exploration of the human condition and not as a reflection of his give birth condition.It would be very presumptuous to suppose that Hemingway used his fiction to foretell his suicide as many writers and literaturists would agree that although literature is a means of exposing internecine emotions, it is also a means of release hence, Hemingways fiction is more of an illustration of his literary genius than they are, as most would suppose, cries of help of a man in pain. Therefore, Hemingways fiction could not be considered his suicide notes.For instance, in the bill Indian Camp (Hemingway), the cause does narrate an instance where the Indian bring commits suicide, (Hemingway) but this is simply used as a platform for the issue of emancipation from pain as illustrated by the contrasting incident of the Indian stimulate who is professionally attended to by Dr. Adams who stops her pain and successfully delivers he r baby. (Hemingway) In this particular story, it is not so much the suicide that is the issue but the aspect of hope and new beginnings that takes center stage.An some other story where suicide is tackled is A Clean and Well Lighted Place (Hemingway) where Hemingway portrays the pain of old age suffered by a deaf old man (Hemingway). In this particular story, there is an incident where the old man attempts to commit suicide by hanging himself, but the noose is cut by his niece and foils his attempt. (Hemingway) The story, albeit tackling suicide in one of its details does not necessary give much value to this issue, it even illustrates how one assholenot scarper the pains that accompanies life that not even death can release us humans from what we have to deal with in life.So, if carefully considered, this particular story does not actually vindicate Hemingways own suicide, in fact it even serves to sissify his own attempt by indirectly implying that if the former believed that suicide was not a means of ending the suffering of existence as shown in his fiction, then he would have been a great coward to commit what he was makeup against. Hemingway did not use his stories as a platform for the justification of his own suicide he had his own reasons for his suicide, and those reasons are not in any way connected to his stories.Finally, in Hills like White Elephants (Hemingway) the precedent tackles the issue of abortion with a couple arguing over whether to have it (the baby) or not the man insisting of having an abortion and the woman, subtlely indicating that she would like to have the baby. (Hemingway) Although there is no reference to suicide in this particular Hemingway story, what is obvious is the argument surrounded by two people regarding the issue of ending a life, which, by the way, is not really an argument that you would normally hear from ordinary chat.In this story, Hemingway, again, although, very discreetly, makes references to why life s hould be valued and why it should be considered with utmost respect, even going to the extent of contrasting childbirth with happiness. (Hemingway) Easily, from this story it is immediately evident that the author was against any form of taking away life intentionally, and so totally debunks the assumption that his fiction was an indirect indication of his consequent suicide. If such(prenominal) is the case, then it can be easily concluded that Hemingway committed suicide for a higher reason this being related to the progress of his art and craft.Like many other writers who had grappled with the peculiarities of life, Hemingway was no different and like many other creative writers then and now, it has to be considered that art, in any form, is already a means of airing out recluse emotions it is a release that is even perhaps more effective than death itself. Hemingway, like many other artists during his time, had peculiarities of his own, and what most of these writers had in commo n was the susceptibility to use the human condition as a platform in their work. part many of Hemingways stories talked about suicide, it has first to be understood that the author is not necessarily the I in any of his/her work, and so it would be terribly unfair to affine subject matters in Hemingways stories to his actual existence. The alliance of the author to his story ends with his by-line all the other things in the written work should be set apart from the author. It is very elementary to assume that the author only writes about his/her own personal life because, then, creativity would not have as big a role in literature as it is supposed to have.What could be more accurate, however, is the fact that the literary genius of Hemingway was enough for people who read his work to assume that he was foretelling his own suicide. While this assumption is blatantly misdirected, it simply shows how a writer is able to twist and distort the minds of his readers to think that there is much more to his fiction than meets the eye (or mind). If such is the case, then every reader might as well apply for a position at the Vatican interpreting the ancient Dead Sea scrolls. plant life Cited Gunsberg, Ben.Earnest Hemingway Would Be King. Earnest Hemingway. 18 Dec. 1995. 16 Apr. 2009 http//www. users. muohio. edu/shermalw/honors_2001_fall/honors_papers_2000/gunsberg. html. Hemingway, Earnest . A Clean, Well-Lighted Place. Earnest Hemingway. 1999. 16 Apr. 2009. Hemingway, Earnest . Hills Like White Elephants. Earnest Hemingway. 1999. 16 Apr. 2009 http//www. moonstar. com/acpjr/Blackboard/Common/Stories/WhiteElephants. html. Hemingway, Earnest . Indian Camp. Earnest Hemingway. 1999. 16 Apr. 2009 http//amb. cult. bg/american/4/hemingway/camp. htm.

Surveillance Technology And Monitoring Criminology Essay

Surveillance Technology And Monitoring Criminology EssayPost 9/11, it seems many people be content to accept increase monitoring, care and incursions into their semiprivate lives to support what is sold as enhanced safeguards to individual and national security. Yet, there are lurking dangers in such tacit acceptance. Critically discerp with illustrations, contrasting different criminological viewpoints in your answer.Surveillance engine room and monitoring has been increasing, especially in the wake of 9/11, however it has two faces,1on the unity hand providing sanctuary and security to protect the public and aiding national security, but on the other hand it provides an intrusive interference into peoples private lives and it can trim rights, creating a division within company. There has been a change in criminological ideologies and the way that law-breaking is dealt with. We now live in what is called a surveillance society.2In Discipline and Punish,3Foucault wrote ab out the brutal system of punishment, which foc utilize on the infliction of pain on the body that existed in the 1700s, which was replaced by the prison house, eighty days later.4This was seen as an efficient way of punishing as it is based on the technology of world power. Foucault referred to this as discipline based around surveillance, which uses a variety of sagacious techniques to run and manage the offender in ever much finely graded ways.5Foucault used Benthams panopticon prison design as a metaphor, to describe the map that surveillance played inside the prison. The circular prison design, featuring a central guards tower from which a guard can see into every single prison cell while themselves remaining hidden, separates out the prisoners, thus helping control instal in the prison, but likewise generates turn inledge and expends relating to the prisoners by dint of facilitating study of them as individuals.6It was thought that this constant visibility would brin g about a sense of vulnerability in the prisoners, which, in turn, would lead them to control themselves and increasingly the exercise of power over the inmate should be fall out un undeniable as they exercise self discipline.7A contemporary example is provided by Shearing and Stenning,8in relation to control within Disney World, which they termed instrumental discipline. The control structures and activities brook other functions which are highlighted so that the control function is overshadowed. For example, employees wish visitors a happy day and a just time from the moment they arrive as well as maintaining order, so that the control and surveillance is unnoticed but its effects are ever present. dominance trouble is anticipated and prevented by the surveillance of omnipresent employees who detect and rectify the slightest deviation. As a consequence the control becomes consensual, effected with the willing co-operation if those being controlled, which allows compulsion to be reduced to a minimum, much like Foucaults description of Benthams panopticon. It is an extraordinarily effective form of control where people conform due to the pleasures of consuming the goods that merged power has to offer. Surveillance is pervasive and it is not in the form of the Big Brother state, it is defined by private authorities knowing to further the absorb of the Disney Corporation than a moral discipline which shapes and sustains a particular order. Within Disney World the control is embedded, preventative, subtle and co-operative and requires no knowledge of the individual, therefore it is not intrusive or invading peoples privacy as they continue to enjoy the time spent at Disney World, without realising that they are subject to control.Since the 1970s fear of crime has come to be regarded as a problem quite distinct from actual crime and victimization, and distinctive policies have been developed that aim to reduce fear levels, kind of than to reduce crime.9Fouc ault was concerned about knowledge-production,10which is now more readily available and more easily accessible through news on the television and the internet. This has condition rise to an information society,11which led to an increase of fear but also earlier and accurate predictions of current and future criminal behaviour and methods in order to safeguard against them as crime has been re-dramatised in the media. Media may construct groups who are feared and seen as outsiders e.g. paedophiles and terrorists and not only does their exclusion increase their insecurity but also everyone else feels more insecure because of the assay they have been told these groups pose. The rest of the population needs to be protected from these dangerous people who should be controlled by fairly knock-down(prenominal) authoritarian State action.12This is how and why surveillance is sold to consumers by governments and commercial organisations as benign and in society best interest and it is why1 3there is a lack of resistance to and largely complacent acceptance of, surveillance systems by society in general.During the twentieth-century there was a shift from normalising individual offenders (post crime) to pre-crime14 concern by reducing opportunities of risks posed by actual and would-be offenders. This was represented in Feeley and Simons New Penology,15which concerned actuarialism and anticipating the future and assessed risks to prevent crime. A range of risk calculation techniques that underpin crime control policies which seek to severalize and manage groups of people according to their assorted levels of dangerousness16were developed. Within the theory of managerialism, developed a practice of targeting resources (on crime hot-spots, career criminals, repeat victims, and high risk offenders) gate-keeping to exclude trivial or low-risk cases (except where these are deemed to be linked to more serious public safety issues) and a generalised cost-consciousness in the allocation of criminal justice resources.17This was seen as economic, efficient and effective within the public sector, where strategies were employed by police organisations including the increase use of surveillance, proactive targeting of people and places, and the rise of problem-oriented policing and intelligence-led policing,18which was prominent with the application of scarce resources for the worse risks.A modern example of this is the airport security system, which now uses biometric sensors to reach various measurements of biological features unique to each individual, such as iris pattern, fingerprint or handprint, and comparing this data to previously depicted data of the same type in a database.19These screening techniques are then used to identify typical offender characteristics, where it is important to maintain security and to flag-up certain passengers as being high risk based on simple calculations. Passengers scoring above a certain threshold can be searched, questioned or investigated further, or discretely put under surveillance within the airport terminal.20Another example includes the use of automatic number plate recognition (ANPR), which works by examine passing vehicle registration plates and checking them against various relevant digitised databases, to ensure that the vehicle has insurance and to check any document irregularity with the driver. This form of surveillance is more intrusive than foot-traffic by closed-circuit television (CCTV) that normally leaves those observed anonymous.21Critics of such risk checklists claim that this can lead to social sorting,22which may involve stereotypes of race, ghostly faith, nationality and gender, for example, to be aggregated to define target markets and risky populations, which can have far reaching impact on life chances, and of social exclusion and discrimination.23It could be argued that the aforementioned are only present in poorly researched and implemented screening systems, and that properly researched, evidence-based screening systems that have been properly evaluated and revised as necessary are a useful additional tool.24However, the airport security system relates back to Benthams Panopticon as individuals are being watched but do not know the extent to which they are being watched, if at all, but may modify their behaviour nevertheless. This disciplinary surveillance manifests in all areas of social life, including health and medicine, education, the army and factories.25Advanced security and surveillance technologies may help to curtail feelings of insecurity amongst the public but the degree of interference should reflect the level of the risk or dangerousness that the surveillance is monitoring and trying to prevent. This intrusion may seem to be justified within airport security due to recent dangers relating to terrorism, importing and exporting of illegal drugs and illegal immigration. Protecting the public has become the dominant theme o f penal policy.26Deleuze27points to electronic tagging of offenders rather than being detained in a prison, thus todays society is able to punish and control even while setting free. Today, many offenders being electronically monitored are not in fact offenders whom a chat up has so sentenced, but are actually prisoners who early conditional release from their medium-term prison sentences who would be monitored at home for the remainder of the time that they would have been in prison.28Tracking tags, like electronic access cards, can permit/disallow or warn against entry to a particular zone or place, by chance at a particular time or day. The first generation of electronic tags did not have any capability of tracking an individual label offenders movement.29In recent years, a second generation of electronic tags, look set to supersede and replace the earlier generation tags. The GPS technology enables the tag to identify its exact geographical position, while the mobile cell ph one technology enables the tag to relay this positional data back to a monitoring centre. Tags and detect cards leave a little digital record in an archive each time they are used which can be used as a way to reconstruct events should something go awry. Tags can modulate a given offenders daily unremarkable, thus there is potential to combine this host of stored data to build up a picture of a persons activities, communications, interests, financial transactions, and so on.30Cohen31talked about a blurring of boundaries so that it is sometimes difficult to tell where the prison ends and the community begins, due to the use of custody and electronic monitoring. This type of technology is extremely intrusive on part of the offender and may seek to discriminate them from the community and also affects the family of the offender. However, it does not seem to affect the public at large.Jones32points out that intelligence agencies use of surveillance practices (i.e. spying) and their use of on overtaking monitoring systems designed to alert them to certain circumstances of interest or concern. CCTV can also be combined with facial recognition software to match facial epitome data stored on databases of known individuals.33Even though this may be seen as intrusive, there would be a reason behind why the suspects symbol was held in the first place. This would flag-up known offenders which, would make it a simpler task for police investigation if such technologies existed. The inescapability of surveillance and compliance with it is something that many people find offensive for many reasons, such as, loss of privacy, autonomy, trust or control and may thus actively resist or seek to subvert it. However, it is more original if the information obtained is recognised as being legitimate.34If cameras are pointing in the correct direction and images are being recorded then a visual record of the offence is made which could be used to apprehend the offender and/or se cure a conviction in a court, as it may be available in evidence, thereby justifying the use of CCTV. Poor image and recording quality seem likely to become less significant as technology improves.35However, this may not act as a deterrent as crime may be displaced so that offenders simply commit crimes where there are no cameras. There was belief that CCTV would deter people from committing crimes, however, research shows that CCTV schemes were not as effective at crime reduction as hoped. Welsh and Farrington36 instal that improved street light was more effective in reducing crime in city centres, that both were more effective in reducing property crimes than violent crimes, and that both measures were far more effective in reducing crime. They also noted that in Britain city centres CCTV cameras generally appear best-selling(predicate) with the public.In 1991, Foucault37concentrated on the art of government where conduct was not controlled or governed by the criminal justice sys tem alone but through a plethora of organisations, many of them private and many with a central role in other spheres such as commerce.38These include local authorities, health services and voluntary agencies.39Individuals are also expected to take responsibility for their own security. Each of these adds to the process of responsibilisation which has become part of modern control of crime and disorder.40Foucaults discussion of governmentality41included the rise of neo-liberalism, which recast the ideal role of the State from one as guarantor of security to one in which rule is progressively undertaken at a distance from the State. Cohen42talked about dispersal of discipline and stated that boundaries have also been blurred between the public and the private as the private sector comes to play an ever-larger role. Privatised ownership of data raised anxiety of expandable mutability43and function creep,44which are concepts meaning that technology designed for one heading can take on other functions, and data collected for one purpose can migrate for use in other ways that have potential to be deployed in broader contexts.45An example of this is where Transport for London will allow bulk data from its ANPR cameras used to log vehicles for congestion charging purposes to be viewed in real time by anti-terrorist officers of the Metropolitan Police for intelligence purposes.46The sharing of intelligence information between agencies could well be liable to unauthorised escape valve47and potential abuse of data sharing. This may lead to breaches of the data guard, human rights and the erosion of privacy, as the public are unaware that data collected in relation to them is being used for unknown purposes, even though they may be legitimate. One way the law has sought to deal with this is through the entropy Protection Act 1998, which requires that those who operate CCTV systems (data controllers) and who record images from which individuals can be identified, must register with the Information Commissioner and ensure that the system is operated in accordance with the data protection principles, however this legislation does not apply for intelligence purposes as described above.To conclude, procedural safeguards included surveillance cameras have come to be a routine presence on city streets and the risk of unrestrained State authorities, of arbitrary power and the violations of civil liberties seem no longer to figure so prominently in public concern.48Corbett49argues that increased surveillance is defensible if the data collected is used strictly for state security purposes, crime prevention and crime detection, to tug deterrence and encourage compliance of potential offenders, and when this fails, sanction them in the hope of future individual deterrence. For the time being, surveillance technologies are here to stay it is the monetary value that people need to pay in order to have improved national security for the safety and security of the mass population. However, is the State surveillance going too far with the form of surveillance on the roads, where cameras are permitted to reach into the private interior space of vehicles to photograph a driver as a safeguard against penalty point fraud or where proposals have been made for mandatorily fitting cars with black boxes that can locate them in the event of a road crash?50A balance needs to be struck so that the State does not abuse its power, otherwise it will be responsible to Article 8.51Word count 2, 498Bibliography Question 2BooksGarland, D. 2001. The Culture of Control Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society, Oxford University Press Oxford.Hale, C., Hayward, K., Wahidin, A., Wincup, E., 2005. Criminology, Oxford University Press OxfordNewburn, T., 2007. Criminology, Willan create Devon.Williams, K.., 2008. Textbook on Criminology, 6th edition, Oxford University Press OxfordArticlesCorbett, C. 2008. Techno-Surveillance of the Roads High Impact an d Low Interest, Crime Prevention and Community Safety, 10, 1-18Shearing, C. Stenning, P. 1987. Say Cheese The Disney Order that is not so Mickey Mouse, Private Policing, Newbury Park, CA Sage. PP.317-323

Death And Paralysis In The Sisters

Death And Paralysis In The SistersIn order to recognize that Joyces Dubliners is a incline unified by death, it is necessary for ace to return to the beginning, where a meticulous reading is paramount, and start again. The opening story, The Sisters, is concerned with death and its impact upon the living individuals leftfield in its wake. If the endorser considers its function as essentially an introductory chapter, one will start to detect a palpable semblance of unity end-to-end Dubliners, as this story establishes the overarching theme of death and its associated motifs palsy, silences, and epiphanies-the latter of which are inextricably rooted in the poetics of modernity. The Sisters is a story that is concerned with young, which represents the beginning of a progression from childhood to maturity. In this regard, the storys form parallels the narrative for the lecturer, as the story at its heart is concerned with the young bank clerks developing awareness at the same ti me, the lecturer starts to acquire a coinciding awareness of the afore-mentioned themes and motifs. As we shall see, The Sisters functions as a gnomon for the entire collection of stories, as its narrator is but one of legion(predicate) much who are stifled and subjugated by their environment- give care a patient etherized upon a table, as the ubiquitous J. Alfred Prufrock might say (Eliott 1).The Sisters ushers the readers into the military personnel of Dubliners through the eyes of a child narrator. The narrator, along with the reader, confronts images of death in the opening split up through a lighted square of window-analogous to the window-panes of J. Alfred Prufrock. It is here, at the very beginning, that the narrator introduces the enunciate paralysis, heralding a theme which reoccurs with death throughout the entirety of Dubliners. In A Beginning Signification, Story, and Discourse in Joyces The Sisters, Staley emphasizes the beginning paragraph as an overture for the themes, conflicts, and tensions that were to be evoked again and again throughout all of Dubliners (20). Further much, Staley affirms that the initial sentences tone of finality and certainty begins the circle of death for Dubliners (22). If one were to accept Staleys claim that the opening paragraph acts as an overture for the novel, it could then be argued that death and paralysis are not to be seen as separate entities in the stage setting of Dubliners, but that the deuce are directly related, if not intertwined. beat Flynn, through his physical paralysis, comes to embody many of the characters in Dubliners, the majority of whom are paralyzed to almost extent, whether it is physically, mentally, or excitedly. Later, the reader witnesses the manner in which death interrupts or arrests the living, as the narrator lays in the dark of his room and imagines that he sees the heavy grey confront of the paralytic (Joyce 11). Already, one net intuit that the dead play a stalk rol e in Dubliners, as Gothic elements are common to modernist literature. This is evidenced here, as the narrator feels that he is smiling feebly like the paralytic priests cadaver (11). Indeed, at this point the living and dead start to merge as a case-by-case image, with the narrator mirroring the state of an immobile Father Flynn. In his critical essay on The Sisters, Corrington states that the boy and the old man fuse briefly through this smile, which contrasts elements of youth and death (24). The innocence of youth is tainted early in Dubliners, as death and Father Flynns deathly influence permeate The Sisters, looming derriere twain reader and narrator like an ominous shade. The child narrator may very well be a reflection of the reader, mirroring the thought processes that lead to a simultaneous realization of deaths paralyzing nature in the world of Dubliners.The narrators epiphany on deaths paralyzing quality is inadvertent, even ironic, as he calls attention to a sensatio n of freedom as if he had been freed from something by his death (Joyce 13). His actions in the story are contrary to this supposed sense of freedom it becomes apparent that Father Flynns influence fills the silence that he left behind and acts as an interrupting force. Such a force bears similarities to the dead Catherines effect upon Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights, where the latters life sentence is dominated by her memory. Indeed, the narrator goes so far as to ascribe paralysis as a maleficent and sinful being that fills him with fear, provided he longs to be nearer to it and to look upon its deadly work (Joyce 9). The boy is two repelled and oddly compelled by the paralysis he experiences here, which exposes his inability to be truly free from Father Flynns death. Therefore, paralysis can be regarded the work of death, as twain the boy and his sisters find themselves utterly torpid in the wake of Father Flynns passing.The boys inability to find any fraction of freedom fro m Father Flynns death becomes more evident as his mental haunting persists. Here, the child imagines the heavy grey face of the paralytic and feels the apparition follow him (Joyce 11). Father Flynn is referred to synecdochically here, defined by a heavy grey pallor that suggests death incarnate, further melding themes of death and paralysis. More importantly, perhaps, the narrator has rendered Father Flynn rudimentary, a gnomon by definition. Joyce employs the Euclidian definition of gnomon a balance after something has been removed (Joyce 9). This depiction of Father Flynn becomes significant later when one considers who is left more complete by the end of the story, and further relates to Heathcliff of Wuthering Heights, who is left incomplete by his loss of Catherine, making him a gnomon of sorts as well. Nonetheless, this point illustrates the narrators inability, or perhaps reluctance, to be freed by Father Flynns passing. Indeed, it seems significant that he imagines Father Flynns face rather than dreaming about it, which would indicate a sort of conscious rejection of letting the dead be truly dead. In Dubliners A Students Companion to the Stories, Werner states that when contemplating the password paralysis, the boy attributes to it an active presence that he wishes to observe rather than evade, and the same can be said about the concept of death for the narrator, as both themes are interlaced throughout the story (45).The development of consciousness in regard to death and its paralyzing quality is central to The Sisters. This development points to the storys role as a beginning, as the maturation, or lack thereof, of the various narrators consciousness and perception later becomes a major issue throughout Dubliners. Epiphanies are abundant in Dubliners, as they are in Virginia Woolfs To the Lighthouse, T.S. Eliots The Wasteland, and other modernist literature nonetheless, as Werner notes in Dubliners A Students Companion to the Stories, Joyce onl y gradually focuses his attention on the experience of revelation (47). Furthermore, the change magnitude complexity of his epiphanies is basic to the mature voice capable of articulating the contingent experiences of truth as an ongoing process for character, author, narrator, and reader (55). Such a development can be seen in the various protagonists gambles with death in Dubliners. In particular, The Sisters represents a beginning for both reader and narrator. Just as the boy is experiencing his first encounter with death, the reader is experiencing his first bitter taste of life within the world of Dubliners. As a result, there is a simultaneous introduction to life and death.The signification of realization in the penultimate paragraph displays the narrators perception of death, as he states simply that the old priest was lying still in his coffin as we had seen him, solemn and truculent in death (Joyce 18). Here, the narrator still attributes a certain sense of hostility to Father Flynn as if to further affirm the haunting qualities of his death. The detached style in which Joyce imparts this realization is important, as it indicates that the narrator is barely cognizant of anything beyond the dead body. As Beck states in Joyces Dubliners Substance, Vision, and Art , this realization communicates no incredibly precocious philosophical breakthrough, but the verisimilitude of a dawning awareness, a gradual, hushed, yet decisive epiphany (Beck 43). More importantly, the boy does not seem conscious of his paralysis as later narrators, such(prenominal) as Gabriel Conroy and Duffy, are.If the opening story is essentially a framing device, one can assume that the child narrator in The Sisters exhibits the start of a vicious cycle of internalizing paralysis. Werner claims that the narrator of Araby represents the first stage in the development of a destructive solipsism portrayed in adult characters such as Duffy, but one can argue that this stage actually b egins with the narrator of The Sisters (54). Furthermore, Beck notes that the narrator of the Sisters eventually realizes his identity just that much more, and with it his secret isolation (43). Indeed, the core of the story is the boys beginning to see into himself as to the life around him, specifically the impedance of death upon that life. Death is the catalyst for epiphanies in both The Sisters and A Painful Case. In the former example, death triggers an emotional paralysis in the living, while in the latter story, death causes a realization of Duffys pre-existing emotional paralysis.Here, it is important to expound upon the significance of the narrators youth in the story. As Werner notes, the stories of childhood in Dubliners picture early confrontations of young boys with their corrupt environment (41). In The Sisters, such an environment is marked by an inevitable convergence of the living and the dead wherein the latter haunts the former. The young narrator is paralyzed b y the external circumstances of his life, as Werner would argue. In fact, Werner goes on to claim that such a suffocating experience encourages even the more sensitive children to accept and internalize paralysis, which leads directly to adult counterparts who micturate surrendered utterly to paralysis (41, 42). James Duffy, the protagonist in A Painful Case, exemplifies the adult Dubliner who has repressed his emotional paralysis for entirely too long, measuring his life in coffee spoons in the same manner as J. Alfred Prufrock.Silence is introduced in the opening paragraph as yet another motif to be associated with death. As mentioned, the narrator of The Sisters characterizes the very presence of Father Flynns corpse with an averse(p) silence. However, one should note the relationship between Father Flynns silence and the sisters referenced in the title, as the two entities are almost at odds with one another. As the story progresses, the sisters keep attempting to break the p ersistent silence with their patter, but the chat is only ever about Father Flynn. In this manner, the dead haunt even the speech of the living. Corrington remarks that the old man has had a certain degree of ascendency over the sisters and even in death, he is their primary concern (22). Corringtons comments are primarily concerned with the sisters as a symbol of devoted service to the Catholic Church, the notion of Father Flynns ascendance and enduring presence speak to the haunting nature of the dead. Father Flynn is never more than a cadaver in The Sisters, yet his influence is undeniable. He looms over the environs silently, but to such an extent that the silence becomes a malevolent force. Rabate comments on the nature of silence in the context of Dubliners, writing that silence can finally appear as the end, the limit, the death of speech, its paralysis (33). If one works within the notion of silence as an antagonistic opposition to speech, the final moments of The Sisters can be seen as the ultimate paralysis inflicted by the dead Father Flynn. Joyce ends with Elizas speech, interrupted by ellipses before it finally trails off, leave a paralyzing silence upon the reader. It is as if the characters, like J. Alfred Prufrock, are left wondering the same how should I begin?Joyce extols little intimation of hope within the world of Dubliners, where the living portray an emotionally paralyzed life equivalent to that of the dead. It is only upon further examination that one can argue that Joyce actually glorifies death to some extent and indicates it as a more amenable condition. Although the eponymous sisters dialogue throughout the story is rife with clich, a particular assertion is striking. Eliza declares that Father Flynn had a elegant death, which brings to mind Joyces claim that death is the most beautiful form of life (Joyce, Dubliners 15 Joyce, James Clarence Mangan 60). She goes on to say that Father Flynn makes a beautiful corpse, which contras ts the paralyzed depiction of his earthly life. In fact, Father Flynn is marked by a certain incompleteness from the opening paragraph of The Sisters, when the narrator associates the priests paralysis with the word gnomon (Joyce 9). As mentioned, the narrator only represents Father Flynn symbolically-by his face-which further suggests an incompleteness. Finally, the broken chalice symbolizes the beginning of Father Flynns broken state-his burgeoning madness.Another definition of the word gnomon is applicable to Father Flynn as discussed in lecture, it is a shadow cast as on a sundial (66). Father Flynns influence as a deathly shade is undeniable, as he lingers throughout the story. On the other hand, his being, or lack thereof, serves to illuminate the partial, reduced lives of Joyces Dubliners, which seems to be Joyces ultimate goal here (66). The storys explicit concern with the energetic of life and death is a deliberate one, as Joyce carefully arranged the order of stories in Dubliners (Beck 42). Indeed, the exploration of life and death is both central to modernity and the major crux upon which Dubliners is unified. Thus, Becks concern with the meaning and interpretation of the story are secondary to revealing the manner in which it functions as an overture to the novel (42). Ultimately, The Sisters establishes a pattern of the dead impacting life to the point of paralysis that is not altered until the final story. The Sisters makes it possible to explore the later stories of Dubliners in the context of themes and motifs set fore from the very beginning. Werner states that the remainder of Dubliners fulfills the narrators longing to be nearer to paralysis and its deadly work, which is an accurate assessment, as Joyce continues to develop this particular theme throughout the work (35). It is this inexplicable, chimerical longing that harkens back to the poetics of modernity and notions of the sublime.The Sisters functions as an overture for Dubliners, introducing the themes and motifs that serve to unify the novel. Death and paralysis are intertwined throughout Dubliners, as they are in many other modernist works. Paralysis is present not only in The Sisters, but in A Love Song for J. Alfred Prufrock, in which the titular protagonist wonders endlessly, do I dare? The impact and implications of death can be seen as well through the influence of Father Flynn. Like Catherine of Wuthering Heights, he hovers over the lives of others like a shade, lending Gothic elements to an otherwise realistic, if stagnant depiction of Irish life. These themes provide an appropriate context-a modernist context-in which the rest of the novel can not only be enjoyed, but properly engaged.

Ethical Examination of the Mortgage Meltdown

Ethical Examination of the Mort passel MeltdownThe sub quality owe crisis, parking argonaly referred to as the mortgage nuclear meltdown, unveiled itself after a sharp increase in home foreclosures beginning in 2006, which unfolded seemingly out of control by 2007. American using up declined, the housing commercialize plunged, foreclosures continued to climb and the stock market was shaken. The subprime crisis and resulting foreclosures prompted discord among consumers, lenders and legislators each(prenominal)(prenominal) bound to one a nonher by a web of intricate financial engineering. The event represents a turning point in the world economy and our culture as fundamental societal changes are needed to rebuild the relationship amidst the U.S. establishment, Wall Street institutions, and the average American. Unethical decisions from sundry(a) parties arouse altered the way future business will be conducted as the current economic and political policies were unable to confront the crisis in the beginning it unraveled. This paper is focused on investigating the unfavorable effects of the current financial dodging of rules structure established on unbreakable bonds of linkage among American communities and financial institutions.Initially, many a(prenominal) financial experts including the International Monetary Fund (IMF) believed the crisis would be limited within the arena of mortgage lenders who had accumulated these subprime loans. But as time progressed there was an evident spread into the prime commercial and residential real estate markets as well as an impact on consumer credit. In an April 2008 Global Financial Stability Report, the IMF criticized the excessive risk-taking and weak underwriting undertaken by under-capitalized institutions and recommended measures including evaluates systems reform and a change in compensation schemes for managers of financial institutions (Smith, 2009, p. 2). According to the IMF, there was a colle ctive failure by financial institutions for non beseemingly managing risk. The New York Times columnist Michiko Kakutani (2010) would supply there were flawed mathematical models that most financial executives did not really understand themselves (Kakutani, p. 1). Essentially, Wall Street firms turned subprime mortgages into exotic, toxic financial products by reservation a fortune laundering and re interchange, and they were enabled in doing so by the very ratings agencies that were supposed to police risk (Kakutani, p.1). Even as the quality of the underlying loans appeared sketchy, fewer could have expected how the severity of the subprime fallout would threaten the U.S. economy to the degree it has so far.The belief behind subprime loans is borrowers who do not meet the credit requirements for prime mortgage loans are required to pay higher interest rates and fees than prime mortgage loans. Since a significant portion of new home self-command expansion stems from profane ers with a lower income compared to historical norms, the initial down payment is relatively low. This creates more risk for lenders and requires higher interest rates attached to the periodical mortgage payment. The difference between the social and economic impact of historical home will origin compared to the subprime situation is the earlier loans created real possession and wealth, which could be passed on to future generations. The illusion of wealth in subprime lending has led to instability within families and communities as many low-income borrowers were enticed by the ease of becoming a first-time householder (Muolo, 2008, p. 277-303).Its important to consider how subprime borrowers came from lower income families. Due to lower savings, they are unable to pay the typical 20% down payment on a house, frankincense requiring near 100% financing. This new form of lending allowed families who had previously been excluded from home-owning to participate in affordable housing programs. It was even referred to as creative financing. The common misgiving at hand is identifying who is to blame for allowing the capital market economy to create irresponsible home ownership. Much of the subprime homes never yielded real wealth as now ownership of the home was highly unlikely.Subprime lending to low-income multitude illustrates how leading in power are able to raise conscious(predicate)ness to followers that home ownership is a honourable obligation. The leaders have demonstrated their ability to raise followers consciousness about what is and ought to be important to them (Ciulla, 2003, p. 220). The idea of home ownership even became a political agenda to incur people feel like they deserve a new home. Comparisons could be made that our government was well-nigh behaving as a Jim Jones leader. Jim Jones appealed generally to impoverished and minority individuals who felt oppressed and besieged by a hostile world. Similarly, the government allowed subpri me lending to target individuals who were historically turned away.ETHICAL ANALYSIS OF MARKET CONDITIONSUnderstanding the ethical behaviors of the subprime fallout is rather challenging as many dynamics stem from the individual as well as from a societal level. First of all, a new research paper conducted by three respected Irish economists point to a common factor of ir rational number exuberance among the real estate bubbles experienced in America and Ireland. In both countries, buyers and lenders convinced themselves that real estate prices, although sky-high by historical standards, would continue to rise (Krugman, 2010, p. 2). Consequently, this prevalent belief cannot be explicitly linked to an individual as baseball club collectively accepted these trends. Additionally, the common social viewpoint that rising incomes would continue to accommodate the rising price of homes is not any individuals responsibility. Perhaps, the forecasting models used by economic experts were ex cessively optimistic, solely this does not make them morally irresponsible. Robert Shiller (2008) argues the housing bubble that created the subprime crisis ultimately grew as big as it did because we as a society do not understand, or know how to deal with, speculative bubbles (p. 3). It is difficult to affix an ethical verdict to something as uncontained as the market.However, a slice of moral accountability should be ascribed to spot leaders who have control in shaping the market. at that place was a form of regulatory imprudence as the people charged with keeping banks safe didnt do their job (Krugman, 2010, p. 2). While many regulators looked the other way, the bigger issue is the ideology based on free-market fundamentalism where deregulation was thought to streng whence the financial system. The Federal mental reservation chairman, Alan Greenspan, was criticized for maintaining low interest rates that save provoked subprime lending. Due to many stakeholders in the subpri me story, blame has been placed on many factors such as a growing dishonesty among mortgage lenders, increasing greed among securitizers, hedge funds, and rating agencies (Shiller, 2008, p. 4). But, we can identify that Greenspan had direct control over key monetary policies such as interest rates, with foreseeable impacts. Justifying whether poor judgment was made in these decisions illustrates a moral question of his accountability. Many others question how well the government address regulation policies and the freedom given to banking institutions to issue reckless lending.It is also logical to believe the government essentially allowed an over inflation of homes in the market. Their openhanded efforts in rescuing weakening financial institutions beginning in 2008 with Bear Stearns, then AIG, and many others may indicate a form of duty the government has to help make amends for allowing too many Americans to have a mortgage they are unable to afford. The American financial syst em is filled with firms that disdain the need for government regulation in good times but insist on being rescued by the government in bad times (Kakutani, 2010, p. 2). Nevertheless, prescribing all of the liability upon the government or Federal Reserve is too unbalanced. The complex nature of the economic conditions related to the subprime crisis is larger than what any single stakeholder could instigate.Helping to provoke new mortgages, brokers sought to attract home-buyers with no money down agreements. Some likely acted of the premises that housing determine and real incomes would gradually keep rise to create a win-win situation for both parties. Again, to assign a moral indiscretion to a specific mortgage broker supplied with the best available open information to guide potential buyers is unsupported. It is not appropriate to directly attribute their actions to the subprime meltdown. But, as we continue to analyze behaviors we will see how many individuals took advantage of the economic zeal that fueled the subprime crisis (Cohan, 2009, p. 92-108).Much of what has been discussed points to the common belief of increasing prosperity and as well as a general unsupported belief in maintaining such high growth. in that location is quite a fine line between having sustained optimism for a bright future and a greed-like attitude that tries to bury the reality of an eventual economic decline. Would it be acceptable to morally blame society as a whole for overlooking the apparent signs of danger? non fully. Yet, as more players in the market are outlined in the following sections we will see how the rules of the game may have deliberately accidental injury others.ETHICAL ANALYSIS OF KEY PLAYERSTo expand upon the market condition section previously discussed the moral responsibility in the transactional loan process is analyzed next. There is a duty for each party to have transparency and truthfulness when completing a deal. Ideally, the consumer is obli gated to pay loans they agree upon with the broker. As government leaders portray the promise for all Americans to have prosperity, home ownership became a reality for the most economically impoverished people. We begin to see a imposition of falsely portrayed subprime loan applications by consumers captivated by these lucrative opportunities to have a new house. It would seem morally wrong for a individual to falsify information, as most people should only want to acquire a loan they can manage with financial responsibility. However, the self-interest of satisfying their go for overcame the normal way of managing finances. There also presents a moral hazard to the broker who works for commission by getting people to sign agreements and has no financial liability afterwards. Is the broker seeking the best interests in protecting customers? We realize the lack of concern by many brokers who overlooked the details. Ironically, as many of the brokers did not fully consider the uneth ical transactions, they are now the ones out of a job (Andrews, 2009, p. 133-148.).Furthermore, the lenders or banks are presented with ethical considerations as to how well they scanned applicants before providing loans. Were loan requirements not strict enough on purpose? It would seem a bad business practice to grant loans knowing customers will have late or no payments towards the principal of the loan. As we have learned, the banks ended up selling the bad loans to investors. The analysis up to this point seems to be pointing toward the idea that owning a home is becoming a morally acceptable idea and a basic right for everyone. Envision subprime loans as being a prescription medicine drug. When placed in the hands of a diagnosed person in need of the drug, it can bring about social good, but if given to a teenager, who has no need for it, the drug can lead to destruction. This illustration shows how subprime loans require proper structuring to provide the most good.ETHICAL AN ALYSIS OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND INVESTORSContaining the misfortunate subprime loans solely between the lender and consumer could have benefited and alleviated the crisis if the loans were able to be paid by the new homeowner. But, due to lenders not qualification any profit on the loans they are forced to sell bad mortgages by packaging them in the form of collateralized debt in hopes of selling to investors who believe the revalue of the mortgage assets will increase. Again, we are confronted with the moral issue of how transparent these debt packages are represented. Do investors deserve better warning of the extreme risk of buying mortgage debts? Who is ultimately ethically accountable for selling bad debt? Everyone seemed to be caught up in this euphoria where no one expected anything bad to happen.To break down some of the moral culprits of passing along bad loans, many financial agencies were persuading clients to invest in bad debt, while at the same time these organiz ations sold off the loans to avoid any further losses. The apparent misuse seems morally wrong as they knowingly caused harm to investors. The rating agencies are also tossed into the blame game. Wall Street firms knew how to game the system they knew how to get the rating agencies (which were eager to collect big fees for their services) to ineptly rate dangerous bonds (Kakutani, 2010, p. 2). Who is to protecting the financial stability of the economy by inaccurately rating risky subprime loans? Too many people assumed continued economic growth and overlooked the likelihood of the bubble bursting (Mason, 2009, p. 81-90). Overall, very much of the calamity of the mortgage meltdown is due to the collective failure of society in a business and government sense to foresee the collapse, making it difficult to assign responsibility.PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACTSThe various examples presented have illustrated the psychology involved in the real estate bubble (Schiller, p. 4). From Paul Masons (20 09) book we not only have witnessed capitalisms tendency to expand the power of the market to push for the maximum freedom (p. 171), but the tendency for a double movement as ascribed by the Hungarian philosopher Karl Polanyi. As free market expansion oftentimes reduces the relationships between families, nations, and social classes to a mere commercial level based on money, a counter-tendency arises to defend common human values and community. The dynamics of the economy will require a willingness of ordinary people to impose limits, standards and sustainability on capital (Mason, p. 172). The current form of our markets have possibilities for limitless growth, in time the often selfish and unequal society in which we live in has created repeated financial distress.PHILOSOPHICAL IMPLICATIONSAs many people point to banks for importantly contributing to the economic downfall, understanding how philosophers set about the situation is important to further our awareness of the problem . The premise of Immanuel Kants categorical imperative is based on the morality of the act, not outcomes, meaning an act may be done for the right reasons, even if it has bad consequences (Ciulla, 2003, p. 95). So, how can a lending institute be judged as unethical for issuing loans to help customers purchase a home? The morality failure, based on this stance would not fall on the bank. But, consider Kants statement that all rational beings stand under the law that each of them should treat himself and all others never merely as a means but always at the same time as an end in himself (Ciulla, 2003, p. 107). If the bank fails to appropriately evaluate the clients ability to pay back debt, then they are treating the client as a means for their own financial benefit and are eventually leading their clients to an ethical failure. On the same token, the brokers who never bothered to properly coif background checks on their clients were also satisfying their own financial desires, rathe r than helping customers make sound financial choices. ass Stuart Mills utilitarian approach emphasizes multiplying happiness, or making life better for the majority of stakeholders in an organization, a community, or a country (Ciulla, 2003, p. 143). Therefore, Mill would view the lending institutions as providing moral value to the individuals seeking to gain home ownership. The general economy and government polices were allowing and expanding housing programs, in which there was a collective agreement that having people buy homes was a good strategy for the country. We now realize the greatest good often looks different in the short term than in the long term. In retrospect, too much emphasis may have been placed on the present and not enough concern on potential consequences of too much lending. The multiplication of happiness for those involved in subprime lending only lasted until the foreclosures and collapse of the banking industry began.Just as Kant and Mills viewpoints sp eak of the moral behaviors among the parties involved, Ayn Rand offers insight by arguing that every man is an end in himself, he exists for his own pursuit, and the achievement of his own happiness is his highest moral purpose (Ciulla, 2003, p. 47). Her position seeks happiness proper to man and does not advise seeking happiness through fraudulent schemes as this approach will lead to frustration. She believes moralitys purpose isnt to command you to sacrifice your interests for the sake of others but rather to teach you the rational values and virtues happiness in fact requires. (Ghate, 2009, p. 3). In hopes of restoring society to the place we were before the collapse, Rand would not place the primary coil blame on the people, but the immoral system in which they had to act. There should be a reevaluation of what genuine self-interest consists of and whether the pursuit for happiness is moral.DEATH promiseAs mortgages have become a norm in the American society, there is an und erlying meaning to the origin. The word mortgage comes from the Latin words, mort and gage. Mort means death, and gage means a pledge to forfeit something of value if a debt is not repaid.The basics of mortgages have remained the same high value real estate which cannot be funded by most people results in borrowing money to buy property. Many people are enslaved to meet the death pledge they signed. Borrowers should be aware of what they are doing and realize it is not always justifiable to blame the banks, as they ultimately cannot force an individual to take on a mortgage obligation. (Marples, 2008, p. 2)There seems to be a moral dilemma confronting families who still owe more on their mortgages than what their home is worth. Should they sacrifice to pay their mortgage even though their homes value may not recover for several years? Or should they simply walk away (Merrel, 2009, p. 2)? If they made an agreement with a lender to pay the loan, then on the surface it would seem moral ly right to continue paying for the home. After understanding the significance of a death pledge, we could argue mortgages are not ethical documents, they are legal contracts (Merrel, 2009, p. 2). So, if a person decides to stop paying their mortgage, they simply pledge the ownership of the home back to the lender. Nevertheless, realize a mortgage contract entails a promise to pay and walking away from a promise in a way leads to a breach of ethics. It seems that determining whether it is morally justifiable in walking away has to be examined on a case to case basis.In respect to the people who lost their homes due to unemployment or other valid reasons, they have a right to be upset for how the careless decisions of others hurt their American Dream. It has turned into just that, a dream, as society allowed people to believe they deserve a home they cannot afford. John Rawls, a Harvard philosopher, offers insight to the economic and moral issues societies confront regarding distribu tive justice. He argues as self-interested rational beings governed by principles that oppose discrimination, everyone should have equal liberties and fair distribution. He speaks of inequalities among social class wealth as only being just if and only if they are part of a larger system on which they work out to the advantage of the most unfortunate representative man (Ciulla, 2003, p. 158). Why should we be making life better for those who are already well of with nice homes and do nothing for those who are already underprivileged? Perhaps, as in the case of subprime lending, there was an outreach by leaders to provide equal opportunity to the least advantaged persons.In order to learn from the U.S. financial crisis, we have to enforce action by people who see it as their duty to protect the American people. We have to focus as much on the regulators as on the regulations (Krugman, 2010, p. 2). Financial consumers need rampart from being taken advantage of or else we will have fa iled to learn from our recent history and can expect to repeat it again.ReferencesAndrews, E. (2009). Busted Life inside(a) the Great Mortgage Meltdown. New York, NY W.W. Norton Company, Inc.Ciulla, J, ed. (2003). The Ethics of Leadership. Belmont, CA Wadsworth.Cohan, W. (2009). House of Cards A Tale of Hubris and Wretched Excess on Wall Street. New York, NY Doubleday issue Group.Ghate, O. (2009, June). The Economy Needs Ayn Rand. BusinessWeek. Retrieved February 24, 2010, from businessweek.com/debateroom/archives/2009/04/the_ economy_ nee_1.htmlKakutani, M. (2010, March). Investors Who Foresaw the Meltdown. New York Times, March 15.Krugman, P. (2010, March). An Irish Mirror. New York Times, March 8.Marples, G. (2008, September). The History of Home Mortgages. TheHistoryOf. Retrieved February 25, 2010, from thehistoryof.net/history-of-home-mortgages.htmlMason, P. (2009). Meltdown The End of the Age of Greed. London Verso.Merrel, S. (2009, September). A Thorny Dilemma The Ethics o f Mortgage Walkaways. SmartNestEgg. Retrieved February 27, 2010, from smartnestegg.com/blog/2009/9/4/a- thorny-dilemma-the-ethics-of-mortgage-walkaways.htmlMuolo, P., Padilla, M. (2008). Chain of Blame How Wall Street Caused the Mortgage and Credit Crisis. Hoboken, NJ John Wiley Sons, Inc.Shiller, R. (2008). The Subprime Solution How Todays Global Financial Crisis Happened, and What to do About it. Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press.Smith, V. (2009, April). IMF Mortgage Crisis May Cost $945bn Worldwide. InfiniteUnkwown. Retrieved March 1, 2010, from infiniteunknown.net/2008/04/09/imf- mortgage-crisis-may-cost-945bn-worldwide

Effect of temperature on the rate of reaction between magnesium and hyd

Effect of temperature on the rate of reaction between milligram and hydrochloric acidApparatusMagnesium strips (5cm)Hydrochloric acid piss bathClamp x 3Clamp stand x3RulerMeasuring cylinder (100ml)Measuring beaker (50ml) x2Rubber tubeRubber bung heavy weapon syringeWire woolStop clockAim My aim is to find out if heating the hydrochloric acid affectsthe rate of magnesium and hydrochloric acid.Prediction I predict that the heating the hydrochloric acid willeffect it as heating is one type of changing the rate of reaction.MethodGet three fixs and clamp stands from the cupboard, and set them upand baffle a water bath and set it up to the right temperature (20-80)and accordingly let it get to the right temp get a gas syringe form the trayand set the up to one of the stands and then measure out 30ml ofhydrochloric acid and pour that in to the 50ml measuring beaker andthen place that in to the water bath, repeat that with the othermeasuring beaker. Measure out 5cm of magnesium ribbon wi th the rulerand clean as much of magnesium oxide of as possible and, place arubber tub...

The Character of Mrs. Mallard in The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin Es

The Character of Mrs. mallard in The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin In The story of an Hour, Kate Chopin reveals the complex character, Mrs. Mallard, In a most unusual manner. THe reader is led to believe that her husband has been killed in a railway accident. The other characters in the story are worried about how to break the news to her they know whe suffers from a heart condition, and they fear for her health. On the surface, the story appears to be about how Mrs. Mallard deals with the news of the death of her husband. On a deeper level, however, the story is about the feeling of intense joy that Mrs. Mallard experiences when she realizes that she is free from the influences of her husband and the consequences of finding out that her new-found independence is not to be. At First, Mrs. Mallard seems to be genuinely affected by her grief She wept ar once, with sudden, wild abandonment....When the storm of grief had spent itself she went away to her agency alone. SHe woul d have no one follow her. At this point in the story, the reader is able to look into the mind of Mr...