Global Poisoning System Essay -- Technology

Abstract This paper focuses on modeling the errors which normally degrade the trueness of Global Poisoning organization (GPS). The performance of the GPS is in general affected by ionospheric errors. SiRF Star III single frequency receiver is used for collecting and projecting datum in World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS-84) co-ordinate form. To project the ellipsoidal model onto a map model, datum conversion from WGS-84 to Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) form is needed. The conversion introduces errors in the datum. The variation in the errors can be observed from day to night, area to area and also due to the seasonal changes. The datum is collected from Ameerpet region of Hyderabad, which is a heavily inhabit area with heavy traffic and tall buildings. The variation in the datum has been observed from afternoon to evening. Keywords GPS, WGS-84, UTM, Ionospheric errors, Northings and Eastings I.INTRODUCTIONThe space-based global navigation satellite governing body that provi des honest location and time information in all weather and at all times and anywhere on or near the Earth with sub- measuring rod accuracy is called Global position System (GPS) 1. It consists of a constellation of 28 satellites in six different orbits which give the information of the position of the user with sub meter accuracy 3. If there are four or more GPS satellites in unobstructed line of sight with the receiver, accurate spatial co-ordinates can be obtained 2. The datum obtained from the satellites, contain the information about the position and timing by calculating the the Keplerian orbit elements. The location information from GPS is based on the choice of coordinate system and datum 3. The coordinate systems that are mostly used in GPS are Wor... ...ned due to the rounding up of the values in the algorithm. Works Cited1 Bradford w. Parkinson. Global Positioning System Theory and Applications vol. I and II, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Washing ton, 1996.2 http//edu-observatory.org/gps/gps_accuracy.html, visited on 1/12/10.3 http//www. elsevierdirect.com/companions/ 9780126836301/ appendices/ Chapter_2_ECI_ Cartesian_Coordinates_to_Kepler_Orbit_Elements_Conversion.pdf 4 http//www.squidoo.com/GPS-coordinate-systems-datums 5 Iyiade Adeniyi, Ionospheric Error in GPS Applications (www.ursi.org/proceedings /procGA05/pdf/GP1. 46(01062).pdf), visited on 30/10/10. 6 Ordnance Survey, A Guide to Coordinate System in Great Britain, (http//www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/gps/docs/A_Guide_to_Coordinate_Systems_in_Great_Britain.pdf), visited on05/01/11.

Essay --

Gary PaoliniCS333 Final Project12/01/13Privacy Preserving Location Tracking of Lost or Stolen Devices Cryptographic Techniques and Replacing Trusted ordinal Parties with DHTsBy(Thomas Ristenpart, Gabriel Maganis, Arvind Krishnamurthy and Tadayoshi Kohno)IntroductionWe tackle the problem of building solitude-preservingdevice- track systemsor private methods to assist inthe recovery of lost or stolen Internet-connected mobiledevices. This system is for the privacy of internet user and finding the location of the mobile device should it become lost or stolen.The main goals of such systems are seeminglycontradictory to hatch the devices legitimately-visitedlocations from third-party services and other parties (locationprivacy) while simultaneously using those sameservices to help recover the devices location(s) after itgoes wanting (device-tracking). We propose a system,named Adeona, that nevertheless meets both goals.Itprovides strong guarantees of location privacy while preservin gthe ability to efficiently track missing devices.The system Adeona allows the user to draw browsing privacy and also the ability to track a missing device.We build a version of Adeona that uses OpenDHT as thethird party service, resulting in an right away deployablesystem that does not rely on any single trusted thirdparty. The system uses Open DHT which is a third party service which gives a immediately deployable systemWe describe numerous extensions for the basic designthat increase Adeonas suitability for particular deploymentenvironments.With numerous extensions for the design to increase deployment environmentsProvide a 1-2 page summary for each of the papers.What is the ... ...y and privacy, but one can doso in practice for real systems.We implemented Adeona, a full privacy-preservingtracking system based on OpenDHT that allows for immediate,community-orientated deployment. Its coremodule, the cryptographic engine that renders locationupdates anonymous and unlinkable, can be easily used infurther deployment settings. To estimate Adeona, we rana field trial to gain experience with a deployment on realusers systems. Our conclusion is that our approach issound and an immediately practicable alternative to trackingsystems that offer less (or no) privacy guarantees. Lastly,we also presented numerous extensions to Adeona thataddress a range of issues disparate deployment settings,increased functionality, and improved security. The techniquesinvolved, particularly our tamper-evident FSPRG,are likely of independent interest.

Robert Edward Lee :: essays research papers

Robert Edward lee sideRobert Edward Lee was born of two distinguished Virginia families. Hewas a devoted son, an outstanding Westpoint cadet, and an United States armyofficer for thirty two years. He graduated second in his class.Lee started his impressive Military passage as a Lieutenant in the Corpsof Engineers. His first assignment was to work on the construction of FortPulaski in 1830 near Savannah, Georgia. Then in 1831 he was transferred to FortMonroe, Virginia where he worked on harbor defenses.In 1834 he moved to Washington, D.C. as an assistant to the chief ofengineers. In 1835 he was delegate to finalise the Ohio-Michigan boarderconflict.In 1837 he went to Saint Louis to work on stabalizing the Mississippiriver channel. He was promoted to captain in 1838. Being sucessful in SaintLouis he was assigned to Fort Hamilton in 1841 to work on the New York Harborfortifications.When war broke out with Mexico in 1840 Lee was sent to Mexico for twoyears as an engieneering officer. There he was praised for his galantry andgood conduct. In the war with Mexico he was wounded in the Storming ofChapultepec in 1847. The Mexican war was suposed to be the help that Lee takein the experance of commanding troops.After the Mexican war Lee was assigned to Baltimore in 1848, he was tosupervise the construction of Fort Carrol for nearly four years.In 1852 the United States military academy at West Point became Leeshome when he was appointed superintendent. During his three year stint heraised acidemic standards, extensive the program from four to five years, andimproved facilities.In 1859 in Arlington, Texas Lee was given command of Federal forceswhich were there to make sure Mexicans did not engross Texas. Then Lee was sentto capture the abolitionist, John Brown at Harpers Ferry.Then when war seemed impossible to avoid, President Abraham Lincionsummond Lee and asked him to lead the Union army, except Lee declined. On April 23he became commander and chief of the milit ary forces in Virgnia, just three daysafter he resigned from the U.S. Army.In February 1865 Lee was made commander and chief of all confederateforces. His great battles of the Civil wars include Antietam, Chancellorsville,Fredericksburg, and Gettysburg. He won many, many battles in the Civil war.Finally on April 9, 1865 General Robert E.

Create A Society Essay -- essays research papers

Life On Planet FujiMy name is Christi. I was born February 17, 1999. And I know I keep been separated from my immediate family and selected to father a new society on planet Fuji. I, along with four other children, was chosen to develop our new society into something livable. Our goal is a pacific cohesive environment. I realize the opportunity I pay back to continue humanity is greater than mourning any losses however, I volition neer forget the life I left behind. I have already shed many emotional tears for the loss of my mother, father and siblings. The memories I have will no doubt guide me into the future.My directive, along with four others, is to develop a loving system and incorporate every last(predicate) the colonists into this new society. Ive met the other individuals as we were chosen to awaken first to plan and present our ideas to the colonists. We estimate several days to prepare a presentation and conduct a townspeople hall type meeting. Our most critical task is to convince all that a democracy is the best option we have to survive. We all must spirit included in what happens, else we stand the likelihood of a revolt. We have history to tell us where to go and what is right. We have been chronicled, by memory infusion, with all that has happened in societies past and know what we have to do to achieve an ideal society.GovernmentThe five of us have already convened to discuss our society and where to start first. It is our end to begin hierarchically with government, the ruling body for our society. Do we define roles and duties and conduct elections to fill these positions? Or, do we ourselves fill them? We have chosen to take the first way and conduct elections to appoint a minimal governing body. In order to paint a picture of ideal candidates weve chosen examples from history of successful leadership and will compare them with not so successful ones. Here we hope to define the characteristics involved in developing a leader f or our society. The presentation will be in a slide format and viewed by all colonists. In addition to this leader or government head, there will hold to be a legislative body in order to carry out all bills voted on and passed into law. This legislative body will be responsible for policing those individuals who choose to disrupt the law and create strife. All criminals will be dealt with immediately by the judicial body of governm... ...ily consisting of friends where Family will revolve around social gatherings. True family will not exist for quiet some timeuntil people marry and begin to have children. Family is the basis for modeling people into who they function in society. Our outreach program will conduct monthly meetings regarding family issues for those couples who plan to marry and build a family.In conclusion, our goal is for a peaceful and prosperous society. In order to foster prosperity there must be competition. As individuals learn their craft or trade their dema nds must be recognized for all of society to benefit. Banking for example will eventually consist of several financial institutions competing for its market share. This same competition will exist in all facets of commerce.For a peaceful society to exist we must enforce our laws and agree to abide by them. We must not forget from where we came. We must remember this is not a unique experience, in fact in some ways it is similar to how society in the U.S. evolved. The basis for this paper is largely taken from our current society. It seems we have evolved the best way we can. Why change something that has proven to be most effective?

Differences and Similarities: Apollo and Dionysus Essay -- Greek Mytho

Differences and Similarities Apollo and DionysusIn Greek Mythology a rivalry always occurs amongst certain Gods and Goddesses. In the case of Apollo and Dionysus in that location is no exception. They are fractional brothers, both sons of Zues and they compete just as most brothers do. Though the two Greek Gods, Apollo and Dionysus, were actually very similar in some ways, they severely contrasted in others.Dionysus, son of Zues and Semele and Apollo, son of Zues and Leto, both were born under strange conditions. Dionysus was born from the thigh of Zues after being fully grown, and Apollos mother, Leto, was in labor for nine age with him because Hera did not want him to be born and would not give Leto a safe place for the child to be delivered. Both these Gods have the need for spring and a very creative drive. They spent their youth recruiting new worshipers for their respective cults in which they started, each cult showing their divinity. They are both associated with the phe nomenon of ecstasy, meaning to refuse outside oneself. In one such case, Apollos priestess Pythia was overcome by his spirit and began speaking in tongues. Also when possessed by Dionysus, his followers similarly changed there normal actions, breaking into wild dances and experienced a rapturous sense of union with their God. This shows how they made contact with humans, but in very different ways. The Differences between Apollo and Dionysus are not difficult to see. Though both Gods are associated wi...

Differences and Similarities: Apollo and Dionysus Essay -- Greek Mytho

Differences and Similarities Apollo and DionysusIn Greek Mythology a rivalry always occurs between certain Gods and Goddesses. In the case of Apollo and Dionysus there is no exception. They are half brothers, both sons of Zues and they compete just as most brothers do. Though the two Greek Gods, Apollo and Dionysus, were actually genuinely similar in near ways, they severely contrasted in others.Dionysus, son of Zues and Semele and Apollo, son of Zues and Leto, both were born under strange conditions. Dionysus was born from the thigh of Zues after being fully grown, and Apollos mother, Leto, was in apprehend for nine days with him because Hera did not want him to be born and would not give Leto a safe place for the child to be delivered. Both these Gods take hold the need for power and a very creative drive. They spent their youth recruiting new worshipers for their respective cults in which they started, each cult showing their divinity. They are both associated with the phenome non of ecstasy, meaning to stand outside oneself. In one such case, Apollos priestess Pythia was overcome by his spirit and began speaking in tongues. Also when possessed by Dionysus, his pursuit similarly changed there normal actions, breaking into wild dances and experienced a rapturous sense of union with their God. This shows how they made contact with humans, but in very different ways. The Differences between Apollo and Dionysus are not difficult to see. Though both Gods are associated wi...

Physics Dot Points Prelim

Physics syllabus dot calculate summationmary Nathan Kulmar 8. 2. 1. 1 run the talent trans recoilations packd in wizard of the followe mobile teleph unity fax/modem radio and television Energy is stored as chemical zipper in the phones battery. Chemical energy is transformed into voltaical energy to operate the phone.The microphone commutes sound energy in to electrical energy. Antanna converts electrical to electro attractionized energy to send a siginal. The murderer speaker converts electric energy in to sound energy. 8. 2. 1. 2 describe waves as a transfer of energy disturbance that may occur in one, two or three dimensions, depending on the nature of the wave and the medium The energy from waves may sp select out as a disturbance in Dimension- Energy triggers in a truthful line from the source 2 Dimensions- Energy spreads out in a plane or break through 3 Dimensions- Energy spreads out in to space surrounding the source in completely flushs 8.2. 1. 3 different iate that mechanical waves require a medium for annex while electro magnetized waves do non Mechanical waves require a medium, solid, liquid or gas to transfer energy. Electromagnetic waves which dont require a medium for transfer of energy. 8. 2. 1. define and apply the following terms to the wave model medium, displacement, amplitude, period, compression, r befaction, crest, trough, transverse waves, longitudinal waves, frequency, wavelength, f number Medium is what isnt motive for the electromagnetic spectrum to travel. Displacement the quad from the point of equilibrium to the wave Amplitude the distance to the point of maximum displacement Period meter interpreted o complete a single wave length Compression an bea where partials are pushed in concertRarefaction point where a partial r individuallyes its maximum displacement vertically deal Crest the point where a partial reaches its maximum displacement vertically up Trough the point where a partial reaches its maximum displacement vertically down Transverse waves the direction of travel is at right angles to the shakiness (figure 2) Longitudinal waves the direction of travel is parallel to the oscillation (figure 1) oftenness the result of oscillations that pass a point in a second.V. remoteMissilesNight visibility gogglesSoft tissue treatment Microwaves Antenna MobilesSending info. Cooking wireless waves Antenna CommunicationAstronomy 8. 2. 3. 4 apologise that the kindred between the color of electromagnetic radio military action and distance from a source is an example of the inverse square faithfulness I? 1d2 The intensity of the electromagnetic radiation is proportional to 1 divided by the distance squared. As the waves travel further from the point of origin they spread out and belong less intense. I=k/d2 I=intensity k=constant d= distance 8. 2. 3. outline how the modulation of amplitude or frequency of visual blowzy, microwaves and/or radio waves evoke be used to transmit info rmation Information is converted into a wave and therefore placed on a bearer wave. It uses the properties of superposition to place the wave on to the autorier wave. digital is made up of a series of ones and zeros. Digital encoding is made in to binary and are transmitted via light, microwaves, television waves and waves from the electromagnetic spectrum. There are two types of analogue transition one is AM. AM stands for Amplitude Modulation.This stools by a using a high frequency railroad automobilerier wave which has the modulation signal placed on it. Frequency depart remain the corresponding but amplitude leave behind dislodge. The other Form is FM. This stands for Frequency Modulation. A wave is frequency is chosen as the carrier wave and the modulation signal is placed on the carrier wave. Amplitude stays the same. 8. 2. 3. 6 discuss problems produced by the limited range of the electromagnetic spectrum available for communication purposes every last(predicate) EMR (electromagnetic radiation) give suffer attenuation (reduction in intensity) as they pass done the ambiance or each other material.As the earth is bombarded with UV radiation from the sun the ionosphere becomes accusald. This can cause problems such(prenominal) as ghosting which is a double image on your T. V. screen. Also large portions of EMR are unable to be used because they are too dangerous such as Gamma-rays and X-rays. Ultraviolet and visible are too difficult to produce and encounter too more than interference. Near infrared and infrared also gestate difficult because of impurities in optical fibbers will absorbed the light. Microwaves and T. V. waves require line of sight to be practical. . 2. 4. 1 describe and apply the law of saying and explain the effect of reflection from a plane surface on waves Electromagnetic waves may be reflected from a plane surface and they must obey the integrity of Reflection Angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection Inci dent ray, reflected ray and normal must all be in the same plane. 8. 2. 4. 2 describe ways in which exertions of reflection of light, radio waves and microwaves have assisted in information transfer take down is used in optical fibbers to transmit entropy.The light is reflected off the inside of the glass tube and can carry multiple messages at the same conviction in a single fibber. Radio waves are reflected off the ionosphere to that they can travel a longer distance. Microwaves send transitions to satellites where they are reflected back through the atmosphere to earth. 8. 2. 4. 3 describe one application of reflection Plane surfaces Mirrors. They allow people to look at their bodies without distortion. Concave surfaces Satellite dishes. They focus incoming rays to a single point called the focus and energised the signal at this point. Convex surface Rear vision mirrors.They allow a large knit stitch of view in a small area but will give the viewer a false scene of distance Radio waves universe reflected by the ionosphere Radio waves are reflected off the ionosphere to provide a greater distance to which a listener can be from the source of the broadcast. 8. 2. 4. 4 explain that refraction is associate to the velocities of a wave in different media and outline how this may result in the bending of a wavefront Refraction is the phenomenon where waves appear to bend as the waves pass from one medium to almost other. If wavefronts strike a boundary at any other angle other than 90 than a change of zipper will occur.If a wave goes from one medium to another and the speed is lower than it will bend towards the normal. If it goes into a medium where the speed is faster than it will bend away from the normal. The waves bend because the incident ray first strikes the medium it slows down and the rest of the ray continues at the same speed until it makes run into with the medium. It is the wavelength that changes not the frequency. 8. 2. 4. 5 define refra ctive index in terms of changes in the velocity of a wave in passing from one medium to another The refractive index is the ratio of the two wave velocities during the efraction. The refractive index is a measure of how much the light bends. 8. 2. 4. 6 define Snells Law V1V2=sin isin r V1 and V2 are the speeds of the waves in wave in the different mediums. Sin i is the angle of incidence and sin r is the angle of reflection. It is the relationship between speed, wavelength and angles of incidence refraction was determined experimentally by Willebrorod Snell and is known as Snells law. 8. 2. 4. 7 secern the conditions necessary for union internal reflection with compose to the critical angle If the critical angle is reached than the angle or reflection is 90.When the critical angle is exceeded than the light cant nonpayment and total internal refraction occurs. The light must be travelling from a medium with a higher refractive index to one with a lower refractive index. 8. 2. 4. 8 outline how total internal reflection is used in optical fibres Optical fibres are one application of total internal refraction. They are made of high purity glass, the central region is called the core and the outer region called the cladding. The cladding confines the light to the core and consequently must have a lower refractive index than the core.Once information is digitally encoded, at the transmitting end, the signal is converted from electrical energy to light energy and then transmitted along the optical fibre. The information is sent as a series of coded pulses of light. The pulse is every on or off. At the receiving end it is decoded. 8. 2. 5. 1 break types of communication data that are stored or transmitted in digital form CD ROMs (Compact Disk Read-Only Memory) these discs store data in digitised form as lilliputian bits. They are read using a low personnel laser beam. They cannot be edited and are read single.They are fairly slow to read and can only store 8 000Mbytes DVD (Digital Versatile Discs) these disks can hole 5 billion bytes of data, thus make possible the storage of memory consuming movie length video and sound. GPS (Global Positioning Systems) this worldwide agreement uses a fleet of 24 satellites that transmit signals constantly. A GPS system, a few(prenominal) hundred dollars, can interact with the satellite to pinpoint your latitude, longitude and altitude with in 50m. 8. 3. 1. 1 discuss how the main sources of domestic energy have changed everywhere time.The sources of domestic energy have changed rapidly over time * 50,000 BC control of fire cooking and heating * 10,000 BC domestication of animals animal power for transport and ploughing. * 3,000 BC wind and water power sailing boats and windmills * 1750 AD burning of coal begins to replace wood. Steam engines, trains, steam, ships. * 1780-1800 scientific investigations of the properties of electricity. Conflicting theories, scientific speciality small amounts of en ergy in batteries. * 1830s discover how to generate electricity using a dynamo (generator).Still used in scientific labs. * 1880-1910 a flood of inventions such as the light bulb, telephone, gramophone and radio were create with electricity. * 1950- all industrialized nations had become totally converted to electricity for domestic power. 8. 3. 1. 2 assess some of the bushels of changes in, and amplificationd access to, sources of energy for a community Some impacts of shows in sources of energy are * The use of coal has had a particularly large impact on our society. * Coal burns hot fires to make steel and other metals. Steel major factor that melt to the industrial revolution. * Coal lead to the education of the steam engine. * Pollution and global warming was created. 8. 3. 1. 3 discuss some of the ways in which electricity can be provided in remote locations do small generators that rotate a coil by a petrol or oil motor. Solar cells and wind generators are also used to convert sunlight and wind into electricity. 8. 3. 2. 1 describe the behaviour of still charges and the properties of the fields associated with them * Two types of charges positive and negative Charges go away from positive, charges go towards negative * An electrostatic charge is a charge due to an unornamented or deficiency of electrons. * A dead body with equal number of protons and electrons will be neutral. * Body has an excess of electron is negatively charged. 8. 3. 2. 2 define the unit of electric charge as the coulomb Electric charge is measured in coulombs the coulomb (c) is the SI unit of electric charge. 1 coulomb = 1c = 6. 25 x1018 charge = 1. 6 x1019 charge 8. 3. 2. 3 define the electric field as a field of force with a field strength equal to the force per unit charge at that point E=FqE = magnitude of electric field (NC-1) normality per coulomb q = charge (C) coulombs F = force (N) Newton 8. 3. 2. 4 define electric current as the rate at which charge flows (coulom bs/ second or amperes) under the influence of an electric field Current is the rate at which charge flows (Csec. or Amperes) under the influence of an electric field. I= QT I = current Q= charge (coulombs) T= time (sec) 8. 3. 2. 5 identify that current can be either direct with the net flow of charge carriers despicable in one direction or alternating with the charge carriers moving backwards and forwards periodically DC = direct currentCharge moves in one direction Direct positive to negative figurehead AC = alternating current Charge moves back and forth periodically. Directions changes 50 times per second. 8. 3. 2. 6 describe electric authorization variation ( potential difference) between two points as the change in potential energy per unit charge moving from one point to the other (joules/coulomb or volts) Electric potential difference (Voltage) between two points is the change in potential energy per unit charge moving from one point to another (joules/coulomb or Volts). . 3. 2. 7 discuss how potential difference changes between different points approximately a DC lot Potential difference can vary at different points around a circuit for example there will be different potency drops across various resistors, light globes and rheostats which would be different to the voltage rise across the power pack. 8. 3. 2. 8 identify the difference between conductors and insulators Insulators will not allow electricity to flow through them because they have a very high protection.Conductors have a very low immunity and therefore will allow current to flow through them. 8. 3. 2. 9 define resistance as the ratio of voltage to current for a particular conductor V=IR V= Voltage I= Current in amps R= Resistance in ohms 8. 3. 2. 10 describe qualitatively how each of the following affects the movement of electricity through a conductor Length Resistance is proportional to length the longer a conductor the greater the resistance Cross sectioned area larger the cros s-section the lower the resistance.Temperature temperature increases ions vibrate increasing resistance. Material material of a conductor influences resistance copper is commonly used for theatre wiring, gold or silver used when minimal resistance required. 8. 3. 3. 1 identify the difference between series and parallel circuits Series * There is only one current pathway. * Current is the same throughout the whole circuit * If a series circuit is broken at any point then the electricity cannot flow through it. * Current remains constant and voltage varies (VT=V1+V2+V3).Parallel * There is more(prenominal) then one current pathway. * All components have the same potential difference across them * In parallel, voltage remains constant and current varies (IT=I1+I2+I3). 8. 3. 3. 2 compare parallel and series circuits in terms of voltage across components and current through them Parallel Series VT= V1 = V2 = V3 VT= V1 + V2 + V3 IT=I1 + I2 + I3 IT=I1 = I2 = I3 8. 3. 3. 3 identify uses o f ammeters and voltmeters Ammeters measure the flow of electrons through a point in the circuit.Voltmeters measure the potential difference between two points. 8. 3. 3. 4 explain why ammeters and voltmeters are connected differently in a circuit Ammeter cannot change the current being measured, must have minimum resistance, current must flow through the ammeter, MUST BE PLACED IN SERIES Voltmeter measure the penitential difference (voltage) between two points in a circuit, PLACED IN PARALLEL CURCUITS, important that voltmeter has high resistance so that there is not affect on the circuit. 8. 3. 3. explain why there are different circuits for lighting, heating and other appliances in a house In a house there are separate circuits for lighting, heating and other appliances so that appliances that require large amounts of current can still function without over-loading the circuit. If everything was on one circuit there would be too much current used and the wires would become hot and potentially cause a fire. 8. 3. 4. 1 explain that power is the rate at which energy is transformed from one form to another Power is defined as the rate at which energy is transformed from one form to another. watt=1 W=1J/s 1kW=1000watts P=ET Power ((Joules = watts (W)) = Energy (J) / time (s) 8. 3. 4. 2 identify the relationship between power, potential difference and current Power is the number of joules per second (watts), for every current (I in Amps), Voltage (v in volts) are dissipated. P=VI Power (Watts) = Voltage (V) x Current (A) 8. 3. 4. 3 identify that the total amount of energy used depends on the length of time the current is flowing and can be calculated using Energy=VIt galvanising energy (joules) = Voltage (volts) x Current (amps) x Time (sec) P=VIPower (Watts) = Voltage (V) x Current (A) P=ET Power ((Joules = watts (W)) = Energy (J) / time (s) 8. 3. 4. 4 explain why the kilowatt-hour is used to measure electrical energy consumption rather than the joule 1kW. h is t he energy used by a 1 kW appliance operating for 1 hour. Measuring in joule is a big inconvenient because 1 joule is a very tiny amount of energy. 8. 3. 5. 1 describe the behaviour of the magnetic poles of bar magnets when they are brought close together Magnets have 2 different poles north and south. They can either be attract or repel each other.Opposite poles attract, same poles repel. 8. 3. 5. 2 define the direction of the magnetic field at a point as the direction of force on a very small north magnetic pole when placed at that point The direction of a magnetic field is the direction of force on a very small magnetic north pole placed in the field. The currents from the north pole more towards to the south pole. 8. 3. 5. 3 describe the magnetic field around pairs of magnetic poles sketch lines come out of the North and into the south. Field lines never cross. The magnitude of the field is indicated by the density of the field lines. . 3. 5. 4 describe the production of a magne tic field by an electric current in a straight current-carrying conductor and describe how the right travel by grip rule can determine the direction of current and field lines The direction of the magnetic field is expound by the right hand rule. Right hand grip rule Grip wire with right hand, thumb pointing in direction of conventional current, fingers will curl around in the direction of the magnetic field. 8. 3. 5. 5 compare the nature and generation of magnetic fields by solenoids and a bar magnet * A solenoid is a coil of wire. When a current flows in the solenoid it produces a magnetic field around the coil which is similar to that of a bar magnet. * In a solenoid the field continues through the middle as parallel lines. * The direction of the magnetic field inside a solenoid is given by the right hand rule. 8. 3. 6. 1 discuss the dangers of an electric shock from both a 240 volt AC mains supply and various DC voltages, from appliances, on the muscles of the body * The neuro muscular system runs on the movement of electrical changes. An electric current through the body has the effect to disrupt its normal function. A typical response of your bodys muscles to an electric shock would be * Muscles contract so you wont be able to let go. * Muscles controlling the diaphragm cause it to clamp (cant breathe) * Heart muscle goes into fibrillation (stops effective beating till heart stops altogether) * Death * Human bodies can withstand ten times as much DC current as AC, AC operates on frequency (50-60 Hz) which is the same frequency our heart operates making AC significantly more lethal than DC. 50-100 mA are the lethal limits for electric shock. 8. 3. 6. describe the functions of circuit breakers, fuses, earthing, double insulant and other safety devices in the home Circuit breakers they use an electromagnet to automatically break the circuit. Once the current exceeds the maximum value. Fuses they prevent overloading of circuits. They are made of a metal w ith a low melting point. They melt when the current through the circuit exceeds the wiring. They are usually contained in high melting point materials to avoid fires. Earthing they protect from shock. If an appliance has any metal exposes than it will have the outer cover earthed to protect shock.It works on the bases that there is less resistance through the wire rather than through a person. Double insulation house hold wiring must be covered by an insulator. Usually made of plastic ((polyvinylchloride, (PVC)) many have double insulating in elusion the inner insulation melts when the metal gets to hot. 8. 4. 1. 1 identify that a typical journey involves speed changes In a typical car journey, a car may travel at different speeds, accelerate and decelerate, changes direction and stops therefore although there is an mediocre speed for the entire journey, the vehicle does not travel at a constant speed. . 4. 1. 2 distinguish between scalar and vector quantities in equations Scalar quantities are those that specify size (magnitude), but not direction. Vector quantities are defined by both size (magnitude) and direction. Vectors Scalar Force Mass Velocity Speed Displacement Distance Acceleration train Momentum Energy Magnetic Fields Power Electric Fields Time 8. 4. 1. 3 compare instant(prenominal) and average speed with instantaneous and average velocity Average Speed = Distance/Total Time Instantaneous Speed is the speed of an intention at a particular instant of time.Velocity (v) is the time rate of change of the displacement. It is a vector it requires both size and direction. It is speed with a direction. Displacement (s) is distance in a given direction. Instantaneous velocity is the velocity at a particular instant, the speed and the direction. Average Velocity is displacement/time. 8. 4. 1. 4 define average velocity as vav= ? r? t r = s = displacement. Average velocity= change in displacement/ change in time. 8. 4. 2. 1 describe the motility of one body congeneric to another Motion occurs when an object changes its position relative to other or some co-ordinate system (a frame of reference).If a change in direction occurs thorough vector qualities, must be dealt with as vectors. 8. 4. 2. 2 identify the usefulness of using vector diagrams to assist solving problems Vectors qualities have magnitude and direction. Adding Vectors play the first vector. Draw the second vector starting from the end of the first. The ensuant vector is the line joining the beginning of the first vector to the end of the second. 6km 8km 10km a 6km 8km 10km a Subtr playacting Vectors V1 V2 = Change in VChange V = V (f) V (i) V1 -V2 V1 V2 V1 -V2 V1 V2 Change = Final Initial Change V 8-(-10) = 18 -10m/s 8m/s -10m/s m/s 8. 4. 2. 3 explain the need for a net orthogonal force to act in order to change the velocity of an object Forces can internal or external to a system but only the external forces can affect the motion of the system. Net force = su m of all forces. Change in velocity the object must accelerate. An object will remain in constant motion (rest or 0 velocity) unless an pale force acts on the object. To accelerate there must be an outside force acting (Newtons 1st law). Newtons first law states that A body continues in its state of rest or uniform velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. . 4. 2. 4 describe the actions that must be taken for a vehicle to change direction, speed up and slow down Acceleration is defined as the time rate of change of velocity. Acceleration refers to f number Up this can be done by using the accelerator Slowing Down this can be done by using the cars brake Changing Direction Using the steering wheel 8. 4. 2. 5 describe the typical effects of external forces on bodies including Friction between surfaces way resistance There are a number of external forces working on a car and these include Friction with the Road Air Resistance The incubus of the carFriction is a force that we encounter everyday in everything we do. Friction is a force that always opposes motion. Friction arises when two different materials are in contact with each other. The tires make contact with the road surface and as a result there is friction. This means that the vehicle has traction and does not simply slide. Air Resistance is a form of Friction. As a vehicle moves through the air the two materials, the vehicles body and the air, move past each other. Air resistance limits the speed of the vehicle but it can be minimized by designing a vehicle so that it is aerodynamically shaped. . 4. 2. 6 define average speedup as vav= ? r? t therefore vav=v-ut Acceleration is a change in velocity over a certain time period. It can be positive or negative. v= final velocity, u= sign velocity, t= time taken 8. 4. 2. 7 define the terms mass and weight with reference to the effects of sobriety Mass Is the measure of the amount of matter in an object Measure of inertia (resistance to accelerat ion) Independent or the effects of gravity thrifty in grams. Weight Is the force of gravity on an object. On earth weight is the mass x 9. 8 Dependent on the amount of massMeasure of the gravity and force on an object Measured in Newtons. 8. 4. 2. 8 outline the forces involved in causing a change in the velocity of a vehicle when Coasting with no pressure on the accelerator Friction with the Road Air Resistance Force Pushing car along pressing on the accelerator The driver is supplying more fuel to the engine. This allows the engine to apply a greater force on the wheels and hence make the car speed up. Velocity and acceleration acting in the same direction. Pressing on the brakes Increasing the friction between the brake pads and the metal discs making it harder for the wheels to turn.Velocity and Acceleration acting in different directions. Passing over an icy patch on the road There is less friction and the wheels cant get as much grip so they may slide. The car will move at a constant velocity until acted upon by an external force. Climbing and descending hills Friction Air Resistance The cars weight causes it to slow down when going up the hill and speed up when going down the hill Following a curve in the road Centripetal force is causing the car to accelerate as the velocity is changing owing to the change in direction. 8. 4. 2. interpret Newtons Second Law of Motion and relate it to the equation F=ma F= Force in Newtons m= mass a= acceleration 8. 4. 2. 10 identify the net force in a wide variety of situations involving modes of transport and explain the consequences of the application of that net force in terms of Newtons Second Law of Motion The acceleration of an object is proportional to the unbalanced force acting on it and is inversely proportional to the mass. The consequences of net external force acting on a model of transport are acceleration, deceleration and a change of direction in motion.Centripetal force ( posting motion) The force caus ing the turning is always towards the centre of the circle. Force (centripetal) = mv2/ R R=radius, V= instantaneous velocity, M= mass 8. 4. 3. 1 identify that a moving object possesses kinetic energy and that work done on that object can increase that energy energising Energy is the energy an object possesses because it is moving. Kinetic energy is dependent on the mass and the square of the velocity of the body as indicated by KE=12mv2 E= kinetic energy (joules) M=mass of the object (kg) V=velocity (m/s)Work (W) is done when a force (F) is travel through a distance (s). Work is the product of a force and the distance moved in the direction of that force. W=Fs. Work transfers energy through the motion of a force. When work is done, energy is required. W = Change in Kinetic energy 8. 4. 3. 2 describe the energy transformations that occur in collisions In collisions objects exert forces on each other. Collisions can be either Elastic Non-Elastic Elastic Collisions If in a collision, kinetic energy is keep, the collision is said to be elastic.An example would be when gunslinger molecules collide with each other and with the walls of their container as kinetic energy is not decreased. Inelastic Collisions In inelastic collisions, kinetic energy is not conserved. Some of the Kinetic energy is transformed into other forms of energy such as heat and sound. If the colliding parts stick together, the collision is inelastic 8. 4. 3. 3 define the law of preservation of energy In all types of interactions, both elastic and inelastic, total energy is conserved. Energy cannot be destroyed only can be changed from one form to another. . 4. 4. 1 define momentum as p=mv Momentum= mass (kg) x velocity (m/s) Unit of momentum= kilogram-meter/sec To stop a moving object, forces must be applied and the forces relate to two factors, the mass of the object and the velocity of the object. The time rate of change of momentum is proportional to the resultant force and acts in the dir ection of the force. Always conserved Vector quantity 8. 4. 4. 2 define impulse as the product of force and time beat = F (force) x t (time) Impulse = change in momentum Impulse = Ft = mv mu mv = final momentum u = initial momentum The unit of Impulse is N. s which is the same as the Unit of momentum= kilogram-meter/sec (kg. m/sec) 8. 4. 4. 3 explain why momentum is conserved in collisions in terms of Newtons Third Law of motion Force (action) = Force (reaction) Conservation of Momentum The total momentum of a system is always the same unless the system on by some external force. P ( in front) = P (after) m1u1+m2u2= m1v1+m2v2 This equation shows that the vector sum of the momentum of the objects before collision equals the vector sum of the momentum after collision.Momentum is conserved only in isolated systems (those free from external forces). The Law of the Conservation of Momentum can be stated as In interactions between objects, momentum is conserved in an isolated system. 8. 4. 5. 1 define the inertia of a vehicle as its tendency to remain in uniform motion or at rest Newtons 1st law Inertia Tendency of any object to resist any change in motion. E. g. when a car stops suddenly, the objects and people in the car remain in the current motion unless acted upon by an external force such as a seatbelt. 8. 4. 5. discuss reasons why Newtons First Law of Motion is not homely in many real world situations Common experience is not apparent in Real World Situations as the driver of a car still needs to depress the accelerator to move at a constant rate because of friction between the car and the road. 8. 4. 5. 3 assess the reasons for the launching of low speed zones in built-up areas and the addition of air bags and crumple zones to vehicles with respect to the concepts of impulse and momentum Introduced low speed zones into built areas to reduce the speed of drivers as the faster you are moving the more damage you do in a collision.Crumple Zones were introdu ced so that the front and tin can end of the car should crumple in a collision which increases the time it takes for the car to come to rest so the forces are lessened. Air Bags were introduced which provide a cushion and takes the impact out of a collision. 8. 4. 5. 4 evaluate the effectiveness of some safety features of motor vehicles Seat Belts They are effective in limiting the effect of inertia when a vehicle breaks suddenly. It absorbs a lot of the force of a collision. Airbags Air Bags were introduced which provide a cushion and takes the impact out of a collision.Crumple Zones Crumple Zones were introduced so that the front and rear end of the car should crumple in a collision which increases the time it takes for the car to come to rest so the forces are lessened. 8. 5. 1. 1 outline the historic development of models of the Universe from the time of Aristotle to the time of Newton Plato planets move in spherical orbits around the earth (geocentric) Eudoxus maintained Plat os concepts of spherical motions, complex arrangements of circular motions Aristotle developed Eudoxus model to 53 spheres. Aristarchus The sun is in the centre (heliocentric) with everything orbiting around it and epicycle moments to explain planetary movements Earth must rotate on its axis, so it appears that everything moves around us. Ptolemy believed in geocentric universe, stars existed on a sphere which rotated every 24 hours, earth is a sphere and at rest, motion of sun and plants moved in perfect circles. Copernicus heliocentric universe, sun was the centre and planets orbited the sun in fixed circular motions, earth traveled around the sun in 1 year and spins on its axis every 24 hours. Galileo first to use a telescope, supported the heliocentric idea of Copernicus, worked on gravitational theory disproved Aristotle concepts of the motion. Sir Isaac Newton from work on motion realized that a forcer must be acting on an object such as the moon, law of universal gravitati on, this explain where things stayed in orbit, since the time of Newton the heliocentric model was accepted. 8. 5. 2. 1 outline the denudation of the expansion of the Universe by Hubble, following its earlier prediction by Friedmann Alexander Friedman predicted that the universe was expanding.The predictions rose from calculations based on Einsteins, general theory of relativity. Edwin Hubble designed a new and a bigger telescope that leads to the discovery of the red set up proving that the universe is expanding. A red shift corresponds to a shift to the lower frequency (longer wavelength). This indicates that the light source, the galaxy is moving away from us. All galaxies show this effect indicating that the universe is expanding. 8. 5. 2. 2 describe the transformation of radiation into matter which followed the Big Bang After the temperature had dropped enough.The energy began to be converted in to matter. Hydrogen atoms formed from protons and electrons. 8. 5. 2. 3 identify that Einstein described the equivalence of energy and mass E=mc2 E= energy (Joules) m= mass (kg) c= speed of light (3 x 108 ms-1) 8. 5. 2. 4 outline how the accretion of galaxies and stars occurred through Expansion and cooling of the Universe The cooling of the universe allowed the formation of matter. This began to overwhelm the radiation Subsequent loss of particle kinetic energyAs the temperature fell this resulted in a loss of kinetic energy (as temperature is the measure of average kinetic energy of the particles) gravitative attraction between particles Loss in Kinetic energy meant that the increased gravitational force between particles took effect Lumpiness of the gas cloud that then allows gravitational collapse The greater density of areas of the gas clouds allowed gravity to begin 8. 5. 3. 1 define the relationship between the temperature of a body and the dominant wavelength of the radiation emitted from that body The hotter the star the shorter the wave length.Hot st ar short wave length, more energy. Cold star long wave length, less energy 8. 5. 3. 2 identify that the surface temperature of a star is related to its colour Red Long wavelength Orange Yellow White blue- white Short wavelength The hotter the star gets the more it will shift towards the blue end of the spectrum and thus the shorter the wavelength. 8. 5. 3. 3 describe a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram as the graph of a stars luminosity against its colour or surface temperature In the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram a stars surface temperature and luminosity (brightness) are plotted against each other.This is because there is a relationship between the two. 8. 5. 3. 4 identify energy sources characteristic of each star group, including Main Sequence, red giants, and white dwarfs Star group Fuel Characteristics Main sequence H then He They are from the top left of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram to the bottom right. This shows a trend of hot and bright to cold and dull Red giants H then He In the upper right corner of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram and are bright but cold White dwarfs C and O ions Bottom left of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. They are very hot but dim and small. 8. 5. 4. 1 identify that energy may be released from the nuclei of atoms Light atoms like H will fuse together at extreme temperatures to for stable atoms. This produces energy. Uranium on the other hand has very unstable nuclei and will break down by emitting energy or partials randomly. That may be in the form of ? , ? or gamma rays. 8. 5. 4. 2 describe the nature of emissions from the nuclei of atoms as radiation of alpha ? and beta ? particles and gamma ? rays in terms of ionising power penetrating power effect of magnetic field effect of electric fieldRadiation Ionizing power Penetrating Power Effect of Magnetic Field Effect of Electric Field Alpha Particle Very high Strong Low a few cm in the air touched according to right hand palm rule Limited very small Beta Particle Less than Al phaWeak Higher than Alpha thin sheets of lead Large Large Gamma Ray Less than BetaVery Weak Very High Several cm of lead Zero Zero 8. 5. 4. 3 identify the nature of emissions reaching the Earth from the Sun Solar wind consists of a stream of ionised particles, mostly protons and electrons that flow from the sun in all directions at speeds of about 400 km. -1. The source of the wind is the suns hot corona the outer atmosphere of the sun extending a distance of a few solar radii into space. Most of the corona consists of vast arches of hot gas solar flares that are millions of kilometres in length and are caused by the suns magnetic field. The Solar wind comes from regions called coronal holes, regions of cooler, less dense gas. As the sun rotates there is a periodic variation in Solar wind activity every 27 days. The Solar wind is responsible for pushing the tail of comets away from the sun. 8. 5. 4. 4 describe the particulate nature of solar windSunspot cycle is a pattern of incr easing and decreasing sunspots. Sun spots are a dark spot on the sun with lower temperatures and intense magnetic activity. motorcycle is between 7-13 years. Two types of emission reaching Earth from the sun electromagnetic radiation and solar winds. Earths atmosphere and magnetic field shelters as from theses emissions. The sunspots themselves last for several days although larger ones may last up to a few weeks. The number of particles and their velocity increases following sunspot activity and solar flares meaning that the solar wind is greater in the time of maximum sunspots. . 5. 4. 5 describe sunspots as representing regions of strong magnetic activity and lower temperature Sunspots are relatively cool areas (4500K), with magnetic field strengths some thousands of times stronger than the Earths magnetic field, that appear as dark imperfections in the photosphere. They result from the perceptiveness of magnetic field lines through the photosphere and are 8000km across. Except for the smaller ones, all sunspots have a dark inner region the umbra where the magnetic field is strongest surrounded by a less dark region the penumbra where the magnetic field is weakest.

Domestic Violence Essay

house servant emphasis is one of the m any(prenominal) social go aways that night club is faced with. Research has it that the female group is the one that becomes victimized the most and there are several strategies that have been put into place to culminate this issue of force play at home, more especially against women. One of the strategies that have been introduced in fighting domestic ferocity in southwestward Africa is the Domestic Violence cultivate of 1998. Although this figure out is one of the good moves by the government, it has many shortcomings. This essay will therefore discuss critically domestic rage and how the Domestic Violence Act is not sufficient to protect women in South Africa from effect at the hands of their abusers To begin with, South African government refers domestic violence to any incident of threatening behaviour, violence or abuse (psychological, physical, sexual, financial or emotional) between adults who are or have been intimate partner s or family members, regardless of grammatical gender or sexuality and in the (South Africa) constitution enacted is an Act which aims to provide for the issuing of justification orders with regard to domestic violence and for matters connected therewith which is the Domestic Violence Act, 1998 (Act No. 116 of 1998).There are several good points about this Act, and primary to those is that tidy sum (especially women and children) to some extent are protected from the deliberate abuse at home. However, many are the shortcomings of this Act. For instance, the exact statistics concerning domestic violence are extremely difficult to obtain hence it becomes difficult to know how much the Act is working. Domestic violence is not a crime as such, and police statistics reflect only reported crimes, such as assault, rape or malicious vilify to property, and so forth. In some instances, domestic violence is not reported by the victims because of several reasons.There are many actions that constitute domestic violence that are not defined as crimes, such as forced isolation, verbal abuse, stalking and economic abuse. Domestic violence is often not fitting a one-off event, but a series of events, or a continuous pattern of abuse. Domestic violence may also exist as a continuum with one serious violent incident at one end, to ongoing and multiple abuses at the other. This pattern of abuse is not recognized in South African criminal law, which tends to isolate individual incidents. In addition, as outlined by Bollen et.al (1999).most crimes of domesticviolence are not reported to the police for fright of intimation, shame, and fear of not being believed, self-blame, or fear of retaliation.Furthermore, it appears from studies and work by organizations offering support to victims that the incidence of domestic violence is very high in South Africa. Community based studies have revealed that in some areas almost a quarter of women report having being abused in their life measure by a current or ex-partner, and that up to a half are affected by emotional or financial (Jewkes et.al, 1999). A great deal of 269 women who had contacted helping agencies in three major cities found emotional or physical abuse to be the most prevalent form of domestic violence experienced by women, with 90 percent of the sample having experienced this abuse (Bollen et al, 1999). The Domestic Violence Act (Act 116) was introduced in 1998 with the aim of affording women protection from domestic violence by creating obligations on law enforcement bodies to protect women (victims) as far as is possible.The Act sets out a broad range of behaviours that constitute domestic violence including physical, sexual, verbal, emotional and psychological abuse, stalking, intimidation, harassment, malicious damage to property, unauthorized access to the complainants property, as well as other forms of controlling behaviour which may cause harm to the safety, health or wellbeing of the co mplainant. The Act also extends the notion of domestic relationship, affording to protection to married couples same-sex relationships couples who are (or were) in a dating, engagement or customary relationship, including an actual or perceived relationship any person in an intimate relationship parents of a child and people who do or have recently shared a residence.The Domestic Violence Act allows a complainant to apply to court for a protection order asking for relief or protection. An interim order may be minded(p), and after an enquiry, a final order may be granted against a respondent. The protection order may prohibit the respondent from committing any act of domestic violence from entering a specified place or from committing an act set out in the order. A warrant of arrest is issued simultaneously with the order, and brought into effect if the complainant reports that the respondent has breached any provision of the order. If he or she is found guilty of a contravention, t hen the court may convict the respondent and sentence him or her to a fine or a bourne of imprisonment. In terms of the Act, no prosecutor is permitted to refuse toinstitute an action, or to withdraw a charge unless authorized by the Director of public quest (Dissel & Ngubeni, 2003).Another of the other very serious shortcoming of this Act is that, while the Act criminalizes the breach of an order, it does not create an offence of domestic violence (Dissel & Ngubeni). Where the wrongdoer commits an act that is recognized by the criminal law as a criminal offence, a woman can report the case to the police, and it may preserve to a criminal trial but if it is not recognized, then there is nothing to be done. In conclusion, the Act is an indication of the seriousness with which domestic violence is now viewed in South Africa. It offers one form of protection to women who are the victims of domestic violence, but it does not necessarily offer remedies to the problem. The essay has o utlined that sometimes the reason why domestic violence is so prevalent is due to the fear of shame and not being believed. The recommendation therefore is that there should be trained personnel who understand clearly the domestic violence issue, persons who understand of such related issues and that will enable the victims to talk freely so as to reveal everything.ReferencesBollen, S., Artz, L., Vetten, L., Louw, A. (1999). Violence Against Women in Metropolitan South Africa A study on impact and service delivery. Institute for Security StudiesMonograph Series No 41, phratry 1999. http//www.iss.co.za/Pubs/Monographs/No41/Contents.html. Retrieved 8 October 2013 Dissel, A & Ngubeni, K. (2003).Giving Women their voice Domestic Violence and Restorative Justice in South Africa. CSR Paper presented at the XIth International Symposium on Victimology, Stellenbosch, July 2003. Jewkes, R., Penn-Kekana, L., Levin, J., Ratsaka, M., Schreiber, M. (1999). He must(prenominal) giveme money, he m ustnt beat me Violence against women in three South African provinces. Pretoria CERSA (Womens Health) Medical Research Council

Put myself in my shoes Essay

Put Yourself in My billet is one of the longest and most complex stories in the collection, and one of its finest. In addition, it brings together a number of the themes and images that hire recurred throughout the book. For example, it depicts the kind of interaction between two couples that we have seen in Neighbors and Whats in Alaska? in this case, the Myerses go to visit the Morgans, whose house they had lived in for a year while Professor Morgan and his wife were in Ger some, simply whom they have not seen since. Furthermore, the issue of empathy that surfaced in Fat, Neighbors, and The Idea, the ability to visualize oneself in another(prenominal)s perspective, is so central here that in becomes the title of the story. What is different about this story, however, is its self-consciousness, its concentration on the role of the writer. In many ways, Put Yourself in My Shoes can be seen as Carvers comment on his own c atomic number 18er, on storytelling itself.Myers is a writer , although he hasnt sold anything yet and is soon not writing. He has quit his job to pursue his muse, but with little success. As the story opens he is depressed, between stories and feeling despicable, when his wife calls to invite him to the component Christmas party. but he doesnt want to go, mainly because the textbook publishing company where she works is also his former place of employment. Like Marston in What Do You Do in San Francisco? Myers is feeling the guilt of the unemployed, which is intensified by the fact that he moves in a much more upscale setting that is representative of Carvers protagonists. Myers is also reluctant to pay a holiday call on the Morgan, although his wife, Paula, finally convinces him to go. The meeting does turn out to be quite an uncomfortable occasion, however. As they approach the house, Myers narrowly avoids being firinged by the Morgans dog. Shortly thereafter, following a seemingly inoffensive discussion of writing, the Morgans them selves more directly attack him.Edgar Morgan, from the beginning of their encounter seems to be acting odd and on edge for some unk same(p) a shotn reason. When Paula asserts that her husband writes something almost every day, Edgar confronts him on the point. Is that a fact? Morgan said. Thats impressive. What did you write today, may I ask? Myers can alone respond Nothing, an answer that places him on an existential precipice. Theresponse inescapably leads to questions about his identity, for what is a writer who doesnt write? Edgar Morgan then proceeds to tell a story to test what Myerss imagination can do with some facts. The story is about a university professor that has had and affair with one of his students. He asks his wife for a divorce, and she throws him out of the house.While leaving, he is hit with a can of tomato soup thrown by his son, and his is now in the hospital in serious condition, Myers adjusts the story quite amusing while Paula and Hilda Morgan are disg usted. Edgar tells Myers that a writer could look at this from the husbands point of view and get quite a story Hilda says that the same is true of smell at the story from the wifes point of view, and Paula speaks up for the sons point of view. Edgar then tops them all by asserting But heres something I dont forecast any of you has thought about. Think about this for a moment. Mr. Myers are you listening? Tell me what you think of this. Put yourself in the fit out of that eighteen-year-old coed who fell in love with a married man. Think about her for a moment, and then you see the possibilities for your story. Hilda responds that she has no almsgiving for the girl at all or for the professor, but only for the wife and child. Myers apparently has no sympathy for any of the people involved, he can only see the black humor of the entire situation. This lack of empathy again calls into question the appropriateness of his vocation as a writer.Hilda Morgan later narrates another story , that of Mrs. Attenborough, an Australian womanhood who had collapsed and died while visiting them in their home in Germany. Hilda had left her purse (containing ID cards, a check, and some cash) in a museum, where Mrs. Atttenborough had found it, minus the cash she has taken an taxi to the Morgnas house to return it, but fell ill there. While the woman was lying unconscious, Hilda went through her purse in search of identification, only to find the missing money. When Hilda tells that Fate sent her to die on the couch in our living room in Germany, Myers cannot restrain his laughter. As Myers continues to giggle, Morgan pounces on him If you were a satisfying writer, as you say you are, Mr. Myers, you would not laugh You would not dare laugh You would try to understand. You would plumb the depths of that poor souls heart and try to understand, but you are no writer, sir Once again, though, the motivationof Morgans attack is unclear, to Meyers and to the reader.At the point the Morgans move in for the kill, however, and the reader soon discovers the true reason for many of their strange actions. From the beginning they have appeared to conceal hatred toward the Myerses, as indicated by the way in which Edgar plays the gracious host but curses and throws things in the kitchen, and he now begins to explain the root of their resentment by telling another story. Saying Consider this for a possibility, Mr. Myers, Morgan tells of a couple, Mr. and Mrs. Y who go to Germany for a year and letting their apartment to Mr. and Mrs. Z, a couple whom they do not know. Mr. and Mrs. Z violate the terms of the lease in several ways, such as bringing in a cat and using stored materials.The reader quickly realizes that this is the story of the Morgans and the Myerses, and that the Morgans anger over these violations accounts for the tension that Myers has been feeling throughout the evening. Myers in now forced to portion himself into the other persons shoes, and he does not see much to admire when he looks at himself from that perspective. Edgar Morgan, enraged and delirious about the invasion of Mr. and Mrs. Ys privacy by the tenants explains, thats the real story, Mr. Myers.Once again, however, Myerss only outward response to the story is to laugh. Paula seems to disregard the meaning of the story entirely-as they hold away she remarks that Those people are crazy-but Myers shows himself to have been more deeply affected. The storys final lines show us a man who looks like a deer caught in deadlights He did not answer. Her voice seemed to come to him from a great distance. He kept driving. Snow rushed at the windshield. He was silent and watched the road. He was at the very end of a story.Put Yourself in My Shoes seems as Carvers way of commenting on his own writing. Raymond Carver seems quite concerned, for example, about the voyeuristic mature of the writers craft, which, after all involves putting oneself in anothers shoes to report on life from that angle. Carver also acknowledges his tendency to see the black humor in a story, his tendency to laugh at tragedy, another reason some criticize him. In any event, the change that Myers experiences at the end of the story may be indicative of a change in Carvers writing as well, an increased attempt to see the storyfrom all sides and evaluate the difficulty of interrelationships.

Periodical Test

outgrowth PERIODIC TEST IN ENGLISH V (BLOOMS TAXONOMY) First Periodic Test English V Directions Listen as the teacher reads the convictions. In your answer sheet, overshadow the letter of the correct answer. 1. What intonation is utilise in the statements? a. rising b. f anying c. rising falling 2. In the sentence Rose won the contest? . What is the decorous intonation? a. advance b. FALLING c. RISING FALLLING 3. What soak ups a sentence rising? a. intonation b. punctuation localize c. a and b 4. If you will say You argon five years old with a doubt, how atomic number 18 you going to say it? . RISING b. FALLING c. RISING FALLING LISTEN TO THE TEACHER AS SHE READS A series OF DIRECTIONS. 5. What did the teacher ask you to pen at the upper left hand recessional? a. left hand corner b. Top c. right hand corner 6. To follow a serial publication of directions, what must be followed? a. ask questions b. follow the directions c atomic number 18fully c. ignore the directions . 7. Write the complete name of your school in monstrous bold letters. a. Julian r. Felipe elemental School b. Julian Felipe c. JULIAN R. FELIPE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 8. What do you call the mark placed on top of vocalises to help you pronounce the ords mightily? a. punctuation mark b. stress mark c. both a and b 9. To pronounce naming actors line or nouns correctly, where will you put the stress mark? a. commencement ceremony syllable b. second syllable c. at the end of the enounce 10. To pronounce verbs, where will you put the stress mark? a. first syllable b. second syllable c. at the end of the word 11. How would you pronounce OBJECT in the sentence I object to this proposition a. OBject b. obJEct c. OBJECT come in the stress mark on the underlined nomenclature in the sentences below. 12. Alex is playing his favorite record. a. record b. record c. record 13.Check the content of the box, a. content b. record c. content 14. pretend the test reserve from the cashier. a. per mit b. permit c. permit 15. You can open your presents later. a. presents b. presents c. presents READ THE PRESCRIPTION BELOW. FOLLOW THE DIRECTIONS GIVEN BY THE DOCTOR. Rx 10 08 03 forbearings Name Joanne Angela Cruz Amoxicillin 250/5 ml (Moxillin) Give 5 ml every 8 hours for seven days (6am 2pm 10pm) Fidelilz P. Macasling, M.D. Pediatrics Lic. 94606 16. What is the prescribed time that the medication should be taken? a. 6am 2am 10pm b. 7am 7pm c. 9am 12 midnight 17. What venereal disease should be given to the patient? a. 5ml b. 6ml c. 7ml 18. To follow the fixs prescription, Joanne should drink her medicine first at 6am, and whence at 2pm and lastly at ________, a. 10pm b. 10am c. 11pm 19. Joanne went to the doctor October 8, 2003. If she is to take the medicine for seven days, when will she stop takinf it? a.On Oct. 14 b. On Oct. 15 c. On Oct. 16 20. You want to retain a new vomit for the school year. Which of the undermentioned is the best thing to do? a. make a proposition at the Senate b. make an announcement c. go around the school and holler out out WRITE DOWN THE MISSING DETAILS OF A GOOD ANNOUNCEMENT FOR AN AUDITION IN YOUR SCHOOL. WHO ALL GRADE V PUPILS 21. WHAT ___________ a. At the multipurpose Hall b. There will be an auditory sense c. All Grade V Pupils WHEN OCTOBER 10, 2010 22. WHERE __________ a. At the useful Hall b. There will be an audition c.All Grade V Pupils FILL THE BLANK WITH THE CORRECT SPELLING OF THE WORDS TO MAKE SENSE step forward OF THE SENTENCE. 23. The p _ _ n o _ r a p h is not widely used anymore because of thr proliferation of CDs and cassette players. a. photograph b. phonograph c. pictograph 24. A p _ _ t o _ r _ _ h says a thousand words. a. photograph b. phonograph c. pictograph 25. Most people have a p _ _ b _ _ of heights. a. proban b. phoban c. hobia 26. The prefix over- entails a. lower than familiar b. higher than usual c. bonny enough 27. The word overage mean a. age is more than the c ompulsion b. age is less than the requirement c. age is just right 28. Under size mean a. size is smaller than the requirement b. size is more than the requirement c. size is just right USE THE CORRECT prefix WITH THE ROOT WORDS 29. _________ load is too heavy a. over b. under c. above 30. Using the rules you conditioned in using affixes, which word means tiddler the like ways? a. childic b. childward c. childish 1. Where do we affix suffixes? a. before the word b. in the middle of the word c. at the end of the word 32. How would you syllabicate the word miracle? a. mi-rac-le b. mir-a-cle c. mi-ra-cle 33. Syllabicate the word government. a. gover-n-ment b. Go-vern-ment c. gov-ern-ment 34. Syllabicate the word elementary. a. el-emen-tary b. Ele-men-ta-ry c. ele-menta-ry 35. A word is used as a verb in a sentence when the stress mark is embed at the _____. a. first syllable b. second syllable c. both a and b CHOOSE THE CORRECT MEANING OF THE UNDERLINED WORDS AS USED IN EACH SENTEN CE. 36.I mean to help the young boy. a. cruel b. have in mind c. definition 37. The boy is mean because he hits his younger sister. a. cruel b. intend c. definition 38. When two words are opposite in pith, they are said to be a. antonyms b. synonyms c. homonyms 39. Synonyms are words having ________ a. the same meaning b. opposite meaning c. both a and b 40. The synonym of pretty is _______ a. beautiful b. ugly c. weak 41. The antonym of huge is ______ . tiny b. gigantic c. large Fill up the information sheet below with the compulsory information. 42. Surname, Given Name, Middle Initial a. Santonil, B. Maria b. B. Maria Santonil c. Santonil, Maria Nympha B. 43. No. of House Street Brgy metropolis a. Cavite City, 60, Sampaguita St. b. 60, Sampaguita St. , San Antonio, Cavite City c. Sampaguita St. , San Antonio 60, Cavite city 44. Give the heading to the following set of related ideas Airplane CarHelicopter Train Ship a. set of flowers b. flock of birds c. means of transportation Read the divide Love makes a fool of everyone. level(p) intelligent people do not act intelligently when they fall in love. People inlove do nauseous things well-nigh write mushy poetry, some cant sleep, they toss and turn in bed, some cant eat and some hold in on daydreaming 45. Which is the discern sentence? a. Love makes a fool of everyone b. People in love do crazy things c. rough cant eat and some keep on daydreaming 46. If youre going to draw a circle inside a square, which will you draw? a. b. c. 47.If you chalk up 4 and 6 divide it by 2, what will you get? a. 5 b. 6 c. 7 48. What is the correct synonym for famous? a. popular b. not know c. unseen 49. My parents have been married for 38 years now. Theirs is what youd call a permanent union. When I marry I hope it would be a __________ one. a. temporary b. lasting c. fast 50 We got drenched by the rain. All our clothes were ____ Which is the synonym of drenched? a. wet b. dry c. a and b 51. In the sentence Hes so bra iny all his grades are high.Which is the correct antonym for the underlined word? a. dull b. intelligent c. bright 52. Read the paragraph below. Snakes have no ears it listens with its sensitive can for drop anchor vibrations. Its eyes can focus in delicate adjustment to near distances like a microscope. In fact, night-foraging snakes have eyes like that of cats they have vertical pupils. Which is the supporting details in the key sentence Snakes have no ears. a. It listens with its sensitive underside for ground vibrations b. It blooms in summer c. It pours down hard on the roof. 53. When you study for a lesson, you must focus your attention on it. When you study, you must not indulge in texting, chatting with friends, watching TV or listening to the radio. Your alone being ang attention should be on what you are supposed to do studying. The key sentence is a. your whole being should be on what you are supposed to do. b. When you study for a lesson, you must focus your atte ntion on it. c. both a and b 54. Some air pollutants are gases from the exhaust pipes of all motor vehicles. Another extension is the fire we build when we burn garbage.Then theres the dust from dirty roads. heretofore another source is smoke emitted by factories. Smoke from tobacco and cigarette of smokers is still another source. Which is the key sentence.. a. Some air pollutants are gases from the exhaust pipes of all vehicles b. Mothers love their babies c. Philippines is a polluted country 55. Family life is challenging. Changing values, overcrowded schedules, information overload, cultural and economic pressures all make it hard to be a family today. What is the key sentence? a. smell is a waste b. Family life is challenging c. Life is boring 56.The skin is the largest organ in the automobile trunk. It provides protection for the internal organs and helps our body resist bacterium and infection Which is the key sentence? a. The skin is the largest organ of the body. b. Th e protective part of the human body. c. Bacteria lives on the skin. 57. Brushing your haircloth is secure for it distributes oil raise in the scalp throughout the length of the hair. However, too much confrontationing is bad. forefathert brush wet hair. (Use comb instead). Dont brush thin hair too much. Which is the key sentence? a. Flaking or dandruff b. brushing your hair is good c. dont apply hair color 58. Everyone is busy.Some are shopping for gifts. Some are busy preparing food. This is the time of the year when people really try to get together and celebrate. Its __________. a. Valentines twenty-four hour period b. Christmas Day c. Birthday Party 59. Lito is leaving the house with a basket and five hundred pesos. He is going to _______________. a. the post mathematical function b. church c. the market rotary the letter of the correct spelling of the following 60. a. believe b. beleive c. belive 61. a. recive b. receive c. recieve 62. conceive b. Conciv c. oncev 63. re lief b. relif c. rilif Fill-out the deposit slip below. 64. paper bit a. Jose Rizal b. 1001-2462-379 c. Php 700. 00 65. Amount to be deposited a. Jose Rizal b. 1001-2462-379 c. Php 700. 00 66. Account Name a. Jose Rizal b. 001-2462-379 c. Php 700. 00 67. What is written above the name of the depositor? a. amount to be deposited b. account name c. signature Listen to the teacher as she reads the selection. 68-71. Retell the selection in your own words. ( Four points). 72-75. Look at the picture. Write a paragraph. Underline the beginning sentence. Circle the middle sentence then box the ending sentence. FIRST PERIODIC TEST IN ENGLISH V (BLOOMS TAXONOMY)First Periodic Test English V Directions Listen as the teacher reads the sentences. In your answer sheet, shade the letter of the correct answer. 1. What intonation is used in the statements? a. rising b. falling c. rising falling 2. In the sentence Rose won the contest? . What is the proper intonation? a. RISING b. FALLING c. RISING FALLLING 3. What makes a sentence rising? a. intonation b. punctuation mark c. a and b 4. If you will say You are five years old with a doubt, how are you going to say it? a. RISING b.FALLING c. RISING FALLING LISTEN TO THE TEACHER AS SHE READS A SERIES OF DIRECTIONS. 5. What did the teacher ask you to write at the upper left hand corner? a. left hand corner b. Top c. right hand corner 6. To follow a series of directions, what must be followed? a. ask questions b. follow the directions carefully c. ignore the directions. 7. Write the complete name of your school in big bold letters. a. Julian r. Felipe elementary School b. Julian Felipe c. JULIAN R. FELIPE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 8. What do you call the mark placed on top of words to help you pronounce the words correctly? a. punctuation mark . stress mark c. both a and b 9. To pronounce naming words or nouns correctly, where will you put the stress mark? a. first syllable b. second syllable c. at the end of the word 10. To p ronounce verbs, where will you put the stress mark? a. first syllable b. second syllable c. at the end of the word 11. How would you pronounce OBJECT in the sentence I object to this proposition a. OBject b. obJEct c. OBJECT Put the stress mark on the underlined words in the sentences below. 12. Alex is playing his favorite record. a. record b. record c. record 13. Check the content of the box, . content b. record c. content 14. Get the test permit from the cashier. a. permit b. permit c. permit 15. You can open your presents later. a. presents b. presents c. presents READ THE PRESCRIPTION BELOW. FOLLOW THE DIRECTIONS GIVEN BY THE DOCTOR. Rx 10 08 03 Patients Name Joanne Angela Cruz Amoxicillin 250/5 ml (Moxillin) Give 5 ml every 8 hours for seven days (6am 2pm 10pm) Fidelilz P. Macasling, M. D.Pediatrics Lic. 94606 16. What is the prescribed time that the medicine should be taken? a. 6am 2am 10pm b. 7am 7pm c. 9am 12 midnight 17. What dosage should be given to the patient ? a. 5ml b. 6ml c. 7ml 18. To follow the doctors prescription, Joanne should drink her medicine first at 6am, then at 2pm and lastly at ________, a. 10pm b. 10am c. 11pm 19. Joanne went to the doctor October 8, 2003. If she is to take the medicine for seven days, when will she stop takinf it? a. On Oct. 4 b. On Oct. 15 c. On Oct. 16 20. You want to have a new project for the school year. Which of the following is the best thing to do? a. make a proposition at the Senate b. make an announcement c. go around the school and shout out WRITE DOWN THE MISSING DETAILS OF A GOOD ANNOUNCEMENT FOR AN AUDITION IN YOUR SCHOOL. WHO ALL GRADE V PUPILS 21. WHAT ___________ a. At the Multipurpose Hall b. There will be an audition c. All Grade V Pupils WHEN OCTOBER 10, 2010 22. WHERE __________ a. At the Multipurpose Hall b. There will be an audition c.All Grade V Pupils FILL THE BLANK WITH THE CORRECT SPELLING OF THE WORDS TO MAKE SENSE OUT OF THE SENTENCE. 23. The p _ _ n o _ r a p h is not widel y used anymore because of thr proliferation of CDs and cassette players. a. photograph b. phonograph c. pictograph 24. A p _ _ t o _ r _ _ h says a thousand words. a. photograph b. phonograph c. pictograph 25. Most people have a p _ _ b _ _ of heights. a. proban b. phoban c. hobia 26. The prefix over- means a. lower than usual b. higher than usual c. just enough 27. The word overage mean a. age is more than the requirement b. age is less than the requirement c. age is just right 28. Undersize mean a. size is smaller than the requirement b. size is more than the requirement c. size is just right USE THE CORRECT PREFIX WITH THE ROOT WORDS 29. _________ load is too heavy a. over b. under c. above 30. Using the rules you learned in using affixes, which word means child like ways? a. childic b. childward c. hildish 31. Where do we affix suffixes? a. before the word b. in the middle of the word c. at the end of the word 32. How would you syllabicate the word miracle? a. mi-rac-le b. mir -a-cle c. mi-ra-cle 33. Syllabicate the word government. a. gover-n-ment b. Go-vern-ment c. gov-ern-ment 34. Syllabicate the word elementary. a. el-emen-tary b. Ele-men-ta-ry c. ele-menta-ry 35. A word is used as a verb in a sentence when the stress mark is found at the _____. a. first syllable b. second syllable c. both a and b CHOOSE THE CORRECT MEANING OF THE UNDERLINED WORDS AS USED IN EACH SENTENCE. 36.I mean to help the young boy. a. cruel b. intend c. definition 37. The boy is mean because he hits his younger sister. a. cruel b. intend c. definition 38. When two words are opposite in meaning, they are said to be a. antonyms b. synonyms c. homonyms 39. Synonyms are words having ________ a. the same meaning b. opposite meaning c. both a and b 40. The synonym of pretty is _______ a. beautiful b. ugly c. weak 41. The antonym of huge is ______ . tiny b. gigantic c. large Fill up the information sheet below with the needed information. 42. Surname, Given Name, Middle Initial a. Sa ntonil, B. Maria b. B. Maria Santonil c. Santonil, Maria Nympha B. 43. No. of House Street Brgy City a. Cavite City, 60, Sampaguita St. b. 60, Sampaguita St. , San Antonio, Cavite City c. Sampaguita St. , San Antonio 60, Cavite city 44. Give the heading to the following set of related ideas Airplane CarHelicopter Train Ship a. set of flowers b. flock of birds c. means of transportation Read the paragraph Love makes a fool of everyone. Even intelligent people do not act intelligently when they fall in love. People inlove do crazy things some write mushy poetry, some cant sleep, they toss and turn in bed, some cant eat and some keep on daydreaming 45. Which is the key sentence? a. Love makes a fool of everyone b. People in love do crazy things c. Some cant eat and some keep on daydreaming 46. If youre going to draw a circle inside a square, which will you draw? a. b. c. 7. If you add 4 and 6 divide it by 2, what will you get? a. 5 b. 6 c. 7 48. What is the correct synonym for famous? a. popular b. not known c. unseen 49. My parents have been married for 38 years now. Theirs is what youd call a permanent union. When I marry I hope it would be a __________ one. a. temporary b. lasting c. fast 50 We got drenched by the rain. All our clothes were ____ Which is the synonym of drenched? a. wet b. dry c. a and b 51. In the sentenceHes so brainy all his grades are high. Which is the correct antonym for the underlined word? a. dull b. intelligent c. bright 52. Read the paragraph below. Snakes have no ears it listens with its sensitive underside for ground vibrations. Its eyes can focus in delicate adjustment to near distances like a microscope. In fact, night-foraging snakes have eyes like that of cats they have vertical pupils. Which is the supporting details in the key sentence Snakes have no ears. a. It listens with its sensitive underside for ground vibrations b.It blooms in summertime c. It pours down hard on the roof. 53. When you study for a lesson, you must f ocus your attention on it. When you study, you must not indulge in texting, chatting with friends, watching TV or listening to the radio. Your whole being ang attention should be on what you are supposed to do studying. The key sentence is a. your whole being should be on what you are supposed to do. b. When you study for a lesson, you must focus your attention on it. c. both a and b 54. Some air pollutants are gases from the exhaust pipes of all motor vehicles.Another source is the fire we build when we burn garbage. Then theres the dust from dirty roads. Still another source is smoke emitted by factories. Smoke from tobacco and cigarette of smokers is still another source. Which is the key sentence.. a. Some air pollutants are gases from the exhaust pipes of all vehicles b. Mothers love their babies c. Philippines is a polluted country 55. Family life is challenging. Changing values, overcrowded schedules, information overload, cultural and economic pressures all make it hard to be a family today. What is the key sentence? a. Life is a waste . Family life is challenging c. Life is boring 56. The skin is the largest organ in the body. It provides protection for the internal organs and helps our body resist bacteria and infection Which is the key sentence? a. The skin is the largest organ of the body. b. The protective part of the human body. c. Bacteria lives on the skin. 57. Brushing your hair is good for it distributes oil found in the scalp throughout the length of the hair. However, too much brushing is bad. Dont brush wet hair. (Use comb instead). Dont brush thin hair too much. Which is the key sentence? a. Flaking or dandruff b. rushing your hair is good c. dont apply hair color 58. Everyone is busy. Some are shopping for gifts. Some are busy preparing food. This is the time of the year when people really try to get together and celebrate. Its __________. a. Valentines Day b. Christmas Day c. Birthday Party 59. Lito is leaving the house with a basket and five hundred pesos. He is going to _______________. a. the post office b. church c. the market Circle the letter of the correct spelling of the following 60. a. believe b. beleive c. belive 61. a. recive b. receive c. ecieve 62. conceive b. Conciv c. concev 63. relief b. relif c. rilif Fill-out the deposit slip below. 64. Account Number a. Jose Rizal b. 1001-2462-379 c. Php 700. 00 65. Amount to be deposited a. Jose Rizal b. 1001-2462-379 c. Php 700. 00 66. Account Name a.Jose Rizal b. 1001-2462-379 c. Php 700. 00 67. What is written above the name of the depositor? a. amount to be deposited b. account name c. signature Listen to the teacher as she reads the selection. 68-71. Retell the selection in your own words. ( Four points). 72-75. Look at the picture. Write a paragraph. Underline the beginning sentence. Circle the middle sentence then box the ending sentence.

Respond to a Letter of Complaint

To emailprotected co. uk From emailprotected dk Subject I feel sorry to hear that your family trip to Tivoli turned out to be a disappointing one. It is true that only 11 of the 24 various entertainment rides were browsening on that day unfortunately due to the technical failures of the machines. By upgrade checking the entertainment rides we found that we could not risk using the machine that day and had to change some parts for the machine to run again.We couldnot inform at the enthral as the technicians were still working on the machines(you may probably have noticed people working to fix the machines) and there was a hope that we could run the machine that day. But on late afternoon, we found out that the machine could not be repaired that day so we informed at the gate. we are sense of hearing a little bit of problems at some of the nutrient outlets. And we came to know about your story from one of the co-worker of that outlet. I again apologise for the bear upon that you had to suffer due to some technical problems and the bad customer service.After reading through your letter and knowing the circumstances I had conversation with managers of Tivoli and we decided to apply your family free tickets to enter and play all the entertainment games with a free dinner in any of the restaurants for your family when Tivoli opens again next summer. I have envelop the free passes to enter and play the entertainment ride along with the FREE DINNER FOR YOUR FAMILY IN ANY OF THE OUTLETS. We aim to satisfy our customers with quality in entertainment, food and service. I am looking forward seeing you again next summer in Tivoli and enjoying with your family.

An Investigation of Vietnam’s Barriers of Economic Growth and Development Essay

Over the past few decades, Vietnam has made remarkable recovery from the damage of war and semipolitical reforms. Under Vietnams communist party, the countrys thriftiness has transitioned from a centrally planned economy to a brotherlyist-oriented market economy. Making it a multi-sectored good economy regulated by the mountain, whilst infra state management and ownership. Numerous reforms, a gigantic with the modernization of the financial system, defend led to rapid growth for Vietnam scotchally.In 2010, the Gross Domestic Product (PPP) of Vietnam was $275,639 million and ranked 40 out of 182 listed countries according to the International pecuniary Fund. This is most likely collectible to rapid industrialisation that has and is taking place. Industry and construction contributed approximately 40.9% of GDP in 2010 whereas the sh be of the agriculture sector has fallen to 21%.Although the rise in GDP has brought most a decline in leanness, larger school enrolment rates, bet tered infrastructure, etc, this rapid growth rate has also brought with it negative factors that may hinder subsequent stinting growth and development. For instance, Vietnam is facing large budget and trade deficits. In 2010, the current account balance (CAB) of Vietnam was -8.51 billion US dollars based on the International Monetary Fund, with the countrys trade deficits amounting to US$12.4 billion. CAB comfort, being a negative, shows that the amount spent on imports coming into Vietnam is higher(prenominal) than that earned from the countrys exports. The problem is that the imports be of a higher value than the exports and this is the consequence of relying on a narrow range of primary products (This point on low value exports will be elaborated on, under cultural factors).Similarly, the judicature is blowing its budget, causing the fiscal deficit to rise to 7.4% of GDP in 2010, which shows the extent at which the governments total expenditure has exceeded the revenue that i t generates. This overshot the governments target of 6.2%. On one hand, the government expenditure on canonic social and physical infrastructure is a necessity for any developing country. However, this continual over-spending can place the government in a state of debt, which may intervene with economic growth and development. Also, the corrupted state misspends and embezzles a good share of export earnings, foreign investment and revenue (To be covered later under political instability).In order to taper down trade deficits, the government has been forced to devalue the Vietnamese currency (dong) to the exchange rate of 17,961 dong US$1. However, the dong is continually being devalued. According to Le Dang Doanh of the Economic College of Hanoi, devaluation king temporarily help to reduce Vietnams imports, but it will also come on inflation because the imported fuel will rise. Doanhs views are very apt as devaluation of the exchange rate will make exports more warring and ap pear cheaper to foreigners.This will increase demand for exports whilst making imports more expensive. Hence, reducing the demand for imports. However, this devaluation has caused a rise in the inflation rate in Vietnam. In January 2011, the consumer-price index rose to 12.17%. This is higher than the 11.8% increase in December 2010. Bring about higher prices for education services, food, housing and building materials within the country. These high prices are non easily met by the poorer of the country.It is no surprise, therefore, that Vietnams per capita GDP (PPP) of $3,123 (ranked 128) by the International Monetary Fund, meaning that the average income of a person living in Vietnam is approximately $8.70 per day. This is equivalent to earning US$3.20 a day according to nominal per capita GDP. One reason for this is that Vietnams rate of growth of population is higher than that of its GDP. Vietnam, with a growing population of over 89 million, is the 13th most densely populated country in the world. The Human Development Index (HDI) re-illustrates Vietnams pooh-pooh development and welfare. It weighs real national income per year, the adult literacy rate, average years of schooling, and life expectancy in ranking a country in terms of development.The closer the HDI value is to 1, the more developed the country is said to be. The 2010 HDI value of Vietnam is 0.572, ranking the country 113 out of 169 countries with comparable data. Having a HDI value amid 0.5 and 0.8, Vietnam is said to have medium human development. However, this value still remains below the average HDI value of East Asia and the Pacific (0.650) and that of the world (0.624). On a home base from 0 1, the index for health is 0.869, education is 0.480 and income is 0.448. Additionally from the 2010 report, 21.45% of the population is living below US$1.25 per day and 25,632 per million of the population is affected by innate(p) disasters. It appears that the prime reason for the relativ ely low HDI value of Vietnam seems to be due to the decline in infrastructure and income amongst its citizens. This brings us to the next section of my investigation.Along with the problems arising in Vietnam, its current economic situation could have been and still remains a result of the various factors belowIncome PovertyThe Vietnam government has made effective attacks on poverty, reducing the countries share of income poverty from 58% to 21.45% in 1993-2010. Due to industrialization and reforms, more jobs and opportunities were created. The rise in income for people working in industrial zones resulted in more than a third of the population being pulled out of poverty. However, the change magnitude number of people moving into the city areas has caused property demands, and hence prices, to rise. Additionally, inflation is increasing the prices of staples remarkably, making it difficult for low-income urban and rural residents.In fact, a study in 2006 by the Vietnamese Academy of Social Sciences concluded that even higher growth rates will be required than in the past as poverty is still deep and widespread, and the remaining millions of people vulnerable to poverty fall far below the poverty line. This prevalent income gap in Vietnam, particularly the income disparity between the rural and urban areas not only lowers the basic standard of living in the country due to inequitable development, but also reduces consumption. This drop in consumption, coupled with the investment fever of the higher income-earners, might cause deflation. Although deflation may seem to help lower-income citizens to purchase more goods, price drops will hamper profits of firms and, hence, the overall economic growth of Vietnam. This will nothingness to even lower income distributed to workers, and even retrenchment, as companies would need to cut down costs.As a result, economic development is hindered, as the government will not have sufficient funds to spend on improving inf rastructure in the country. Therefore, the basic standard of living subsequently drops. Vietnams capital, Hanoi, is already olfactory perception the negative effects of this lack of infrastructure due to the poverty cycle as it is constantly plagued by power blackouts (See lack of infrastructure below).Political organize/CorruptionTo date, the government continues to maintain control of the largest and most important firms in the country. The government recently issued new limitations for state-owned enterprises (SOEs) on the extent at which they can modify away from their core business. Conversely, policy changes tend to take a long time to be put into effect and SOEs will take an equally long period of time to respond to such directives. One way to overcome this conservatism, the minimal or gradual change in society, is if the government kick downstairss up political control of the economy and diminishing the bureaucratic nature of commerce in Vietnam. However it is unlikely t hat the Communist leaders will rent this to happen.Additionally, Vietnam relies heavily on SOEs to generate wealth for the nation. Under each company, workers enjoy the same share of benefits from growth despite any disparity in productivity. Therefore, there is no fillip for workers to perform better at their job and the economy will not be able to reach high growth rates or thread foreign investors.Public officials and state employees, thus, resort to getting extra money any way they can. The current state structure creates loopholes for corrupt people to breach state budget. Already, there have been cases where government officials have been arrested for squandering a significant share of investments that come into the country. The 2010 Corruption Perceptions Index placed Vietnam 116th out of 178 countries, with a transparency score of 2.7. Corruption and lack of political transparency causes citizens to lose confidence in their leaders and weakens national unity. Possible upr isings may occur and instability hinders national construction and defense (Continued in lack of infrastructure below).Lack of infrastructureVietnams energy-generating capacity is not at a high comely level yet to support its production in industrial zones. However, at the moment the government budget is not enough to solve the electricity tot problem. First of all, if fewer goods are produced due to lack of electricity to operate machinery efficiently, economic growth will decrease. Furthermore, power surges disrupt the everyday lives of citizens, transportation, etc. moody the standard of living in Vietnam.As mentioned above, the bureaucracy of official procedures stops the country from building the roads, power stations and other public works due to the slow speed at which such changes take effect. These factors are needed to maintain efficient production of goods and services and, hence, growth rate. Particularly, the lack of road systems hinders economic development, as it i s difficult for citizens to gain access to different areas of the country.Cultural FactorsInitially an agriculture-based economy, Vietnam depends on seafood and rice as main exports for the country. Many of these low-value products are the livelihood of people living in rural areas. The school attendance is much lower in rural areas as compared to urban areas and this lack of education leads to the lack of skills infallible to carry out jobs in industrial zones. Therefore, their focus on agriculture has translated to the country over-depending on primary products as its main exports. This narrows the range of products, which can be purchased through international trade. This negatively impacts potential economic growth.On the other hand, an increasing number of people living in urban areas own cars and factories are producing goods constantly in order keep up with the ambitious growth targets of Vietnams Communist leaders. The emissions from choking traffic and constant constructio n are kickoff to take a toll on the environment. The pollution, therefore, impedes the economic development of the developing country.In conclusion, we can see that despite Vietnams improving economic growth, many debts accumulating in the country and the devaluation of currency can hinder further potential growth rates. These factors overlap with the Communist Partys political control of the economy and the slow change of economic policies, lack of infrastructure to support capital production and exporting low-value products, which in turn hinder economic growth.Additionally, over-population, growing income gaps between rural and urban areas, inefficient building of infrastructure and environmental damage created by excessive and rapid industrialization, have impeded on economic development by lowering the basic standard of living of the country. In order for Vietnam to grow and develop economically in the future, the political structure needs to allow a more efficient change in both social and economical policies. More importantly, the country needs to stop prevalent corruption and give firms incentives to generate more economic growth and, thus, attract more foreign investments for the country.Sources-http//siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPOVERTY/Resources/WDR/English-Full-Text-Report/ch2.pdf-http//www.arcadia-asia.com/commentaries/201003-Arcadia%20Market%20Commentary.pdf-http//www.viet-studies.info/kinhte/vietnam_OxfordAnalytica.pdf-http//siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPRS1/Resources/383606-1106667815039/gov_spending_vietnam.pdf-http//www.economist.com/node/11041638?story_id=11041638-http//www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/workingpp/wp2006/2006-18.pdf-http//www.economywatch.com/economic-statistics/country/Vietnam/