I want you to paraphrase the Human Rights Standards, i will write down Essay

I want you to paraphrase the Human Rights Standards, i will write down in the description bow what i want you to write about - Essay Example This is in order to avoid undermining the presumption of innocence and to reinforce the prosecution’s case. Similarly, a trial judge’s direction to the jury is nonjudgmental and not mandatory as per the law. This implies that the jury is at liberty to establish that the accused had acted with objective founded on the evidence presented at trial. The court should ensure that it upholds human rights of the accused to access fair trial and prove his or her innocence. The jury needs to gather enough evidence that finds the accused to be on the wrong of committing the unlawful act. The human rights standards protect all the accused persons against unfair justices or disregard of their innocence by the trial courts. As a result, it ensures that the courts must confirm without any trace of doubt that the accused was liable of committing an unlawful act or had the intent of breaking the

The Causes and Effects of Asthma Sufferers Essay Example for Free

The Causes and Effects of Asthma Sufferers Essay The Problem With 5.2 million diagnosed asthmatics in the UK, Asthma is a common disease which affects both adults and children. Of these 5.2 million asthmatics, 1.1 million are children. Asthma is a condition that has been around for many years and has caused around 1400 deaths per year, of which 90% are preventable. [1] The numbers of asthma cases have been high due to environmental changes, familial history and lifestyle choices such as smoking during pregnancy to name but a few. It is a chronic condition that affects the airways, causing breathing difficulties. The condition has different levels, long-lasting or recurrent. Mild forms of asthma can affect people, as can very severe cases of asthma. Sufferers of asthma have a lower supply of air to and from the lungs. As this serious condition affects so many people, can it actually be cured? What is Asthma? Asthma is a chronic condition that affects the airways of sufferers. The inside walls of the airways are inflamed or swollen. This inflammation makes your airways very sensitive to any form of irritations and causes an allergic reaction to occur. As the airways become inflamed, they become narrower, restricting the flow of air to and from the lungs. This air restriction causes symptoms such as wheezing, chest tightness, coughing and also breathing difficulties. These symptoms are more likely to be experienced at night or in the early morning hours. [2] Many causes and triggers of asthma have been identified. Dust, paint and pet hairs are just a few of the identified examples. [1] Below is a diagram of a normal and an asthmatic bronchiole: [pic] Words: 299 The Solution A solution for treating asthma would be the use of inhalers. This is the most common treatment for asthma, and is much more effective than tablets or liquid by mouth. There are two main types of inhalers, reliever inhalers and  preventer inhalers. Inhalers contain drugs that are delivered directly to the lungs. [3] Relievers (Blue), e.g. Salbutamol, contain bronchodilator drugs which widen the bronchi so that more air can pass through, making breathing easier. This is a fast treatment to relieve symptoms and is only usually used when needed. Preventers (Brown), e.g. Pulmicort, contain steroids that reduce the inflammation in the airways. When the inflammation has gone, it is much less likely for the airways to narrow and cause symptoms. This is not an immediate reliever of pain as it takes 7-14 days for the drug to build up its effect. This reduces the need to use a reliever inhaler, as symptoms more or less disappear. [4] Is the solution appropriate? The use of inhalers is appropriate as the steroids they contain to treat asthma are corticosteroids. These are imitations of the natural steroid that is produced in our bodies. [1] Also as these steroids are inhaled, a tiny amount is absorbed into the body, as they go directly into the lungs. Also the dose supplied through the inhaler is a very mild dosage, so therefore will not have any major side effect on the body. The drug also acts faster as it travels directly into the lung. Hence, inhalers are considered as the best treatment for asthma because of the effectiveness of the doses taken. Implications of solution to problem A sufferer’s social life can become damaged due to having asthma, therefore it has social implications. This is due to asthmatic patients needing to carry their inhalers around to treat an attack if it occurs. This is not an average thing to do within the realm of a critical society so it is deemed as a social issue of asthma. Undoubtedly, sufferers feel outcast as they are perceived differently to others and cannot socialise in the way that others can. This is because the younger generation of today, usually socialises through smoking or physically demanding activities, football. These are both difficult to perform or even more harmful to an asthmatic than a normal,  healthy person. Medical research should soon create a treatment for asthma which can be carried around easily and is smaller in size. However, the smaller size would mean fewer doses in one inhaler and also in the duration of an asthma attack, a small inhaler would be harder to find on a person, unlike a larger inhaler. Also economical issues are linked with this disease as the medical treatments cost a lot of money to produce and then supply to patients. Manufacturing the current inhalers cost a very large amount of money, to change this and produce smaller inhalers would cause costs to rise further. Machinery would have to change and so would the workers routines, so that an efficient technique of producing the smaller, attractive and trendy inhalers is achieved. Benefits and risks of the solution Inhalers are not completely safe to use as side effects do occur due to the drug contained in the inhaler. A very common drug that inhalers contain is steroids for which side effects occur. The steroids contained are not anabolic steroids that enhance athletic performance. Most side effects to asthmatic steroids are in the upper airway and the throat. The steroids weaken the voice slightly as the muscle controlling the movement of the larynx also weakens. However the problem can be overcome by using spacer devices and rinsing the mouth out after using the inhaler. Steroids have also been suggested to retard children in their growth, although it is known that poorly treated asthma causes failure to grow properly. Normal doses of steroids for asthma do not cause growth failure, whereas high doses may affect growth. [5] Steroids are not only bad as they help with breathing difficulties by relaxing the muscle to allow an increase in the amount of air flow to the lungs and the body. This helps the sufferer of asthma to breathe more comfortably as air travels round the body more freely. Another benefit of using inhalers is that only small doses are prescribed to patients who are diagnosed with asthma. This ensures the safety of the patient as they are not subjected to large doses which may have adverse effects on the body and their health too. Alternative Solutions There are many alternative solutions for treating asthma. Examples of the alternative solutions are oral therapy and also changing lifestyles so that trigger factors are minimised. Oral therapy is a treatment for asthma as it is the same treatment as an Words: 1110  inhaler but is in a different form. It is a tablet that contains steroids that reduce the inflammation of the airways and also reduce the risk of an allergic reaction. Relievers and preventers do the same job as this, but take a powder form that is inhaled into the lungs. However, oral therapy is not very safe as each tablet contains a higher dosage of steroids. Therefore it makes a patient more susceptible to the side effects of steroids. A tablet gives 50 times the dosage of steroids than an inhalation from a standard steroid inhaler. More serious side effects are linked with steroid tablets such as, diabetes, cataracts, increased hunger etc. [1] Changing lifestyles would not treat the disease as no medication is involved to suppress the symptoms. This simply helps calm down and also remove symptoms that may trigger an attack. If triggers of asthma are reserved from a sufferer or even minimised when in close proximity to a sufferer, the chances of an asthma attack occurring is less likely. [6] Therefore a healthier lifestyle for an asthma sufferer leads to a less perilous lifestyle too. By inhaling cleaner air, the lungs are delivered a greater volume of air, which carries more oxygen. Thus making breathing easier as there is an excess of oxygen in the bloodstream, not causing the rapid heartbeat that is needed to pump blood around the body. Validity of Sources Information obtained from ‘http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/asthma.htm’ [2], is a GP and has the title of Doctor. Therefore this would become a reliable source of information as it has been written by someone who has a degree in treating and curing illnesses. Also as he is Dr. Roger Henderson, it shows that he has studied for a long period of time to understand the subject. This  understanding was supported by ‘http://www.asthma.org.uk/all_about_asthma/medicines_treatments/’ [3], which is the society for asthma in the UK. This can be trusted fully as it delivers information on a disease which it is a specialist in. Therefore the sources can be deemed as reliable as they all confirm each others information. Bibliography 1. Numark Pharmacy Medicines Use Review, Page 4 2. Henderson, R, (10/06/2009), (21/02/2010) http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/asthma.htm 3. Asthma UK, (04/01/2008), (23/02/2010) http://www.asthma.org.uk/all_about_asthma/medicines_treatments/ 4. No Authors listed, (17/09/2008), (23/02/2010) http://www.patient.co.uk/health/Inhalers-for-Asthma.htm 5. Chung, K F, (2003), Treating Asthma (2) – Drug Therapy, Dr. Dan Rutherford, Asthma, 59-65, Great Britain, Hodder Stoughton 6. Rollins, G, (published date not listed), (13/03/2010) http://articles.directorym.com/Treatments_For_Asthma-a977839.html KEY: Website, Book, Article Words: 1518 A pie chart that shows the inhaler success rate on asthmatic patients. This shows the inflamed/swollen bronchiole of an asthmatic person. This shows the normal bronchiole of a person who does not suffer from asthma. http://www.thechiroteam.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/graph1.gif http://www.mims.com/pic/Malaysia/4504.gif http://salbutamolinhaler.com/images/salbutamol-inhaler.jpg http://www.aaenvironment.com/Pictures/asthma.jpg

Lottery Is Good Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  State lotteries have been around for awhile to help build up state revenue. In such things as scratch off instant tickets or daily number drawings. To some these things are evil, but to some others who’s lives aren’t the greatest, it’s a shimmer of hope that most people don’t have. Now the thing about the lottery is a lot of people don’t win, but those few that do could be put into a nice situation that they’ve never been in before. This is the land of freedom and opportunity, isn’t that we are giving the commonwealth?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If we would take away the lottery it would take away from the retired people who the lottery money goes to as well. I don’t like to know that the money is going to them, I rather see the state invest into the future instead of wasting money away on the past. Either way the lottery does help out certain people. â€Å"If nobody ever won the lottery, then nobody would play it. The public appreciates that the odds against them are very high indeed, but the purchase of a ticket gives them a chance of a fortune, however remote, and the opportunity to dream of a different life. As other forms of gambling are legal, along with many other ways of harmlessly but enjoyably wasting money, there is nothing wrong with the government benefitting from the pursuit.†The odds against the common man are very great, so to them to have a real chance at overcoming everything in life with a purchase of a one dollar power ball tic...

Organizational Behavior Model of Grameenphone

Introduction Organizations are collections of interacting and inter related human and non-human resources working toward a common goal or set of goals within the framework of structured relationships. It is a great opportunity to study about the leading mobile operator company, GrameenPhone and their organizational behavior model which is concerned with all aspects of how the company influences the behavior of individuals and how individuals in turn influence the company. * Origin of the ReportThe BBA program under the department of Business Studies offers a course named â€Å"Organizational Behavior† (MGT 251) which requires every group to submit a report on a general management related topic determined by the course instructor. The report under the headline â€Å"Organizational Behavior Model† has been prepared to serve that purpose. * Objectives of the Study Several objectives to conduct the study are: * To study about organizational behavior. * To study about the Ma nagerial Activities To be informed about the levels of organizational behavior and its importance from the view of organizational point * To learn about each potential outcomes of effective functioning of the organization as well as inspiring employees towards their job. * To build a bridge between the theoretical & practical education of marketing. * Methodology To prepare this report we have used all the managerial data, different official documents as well as papers available of that particular institution which were made for the relevant field(s). Accompanying material: Describe How Own Behaviour Could Promote Effective Interactions With Children and Young PeopleWe have taken help from some employees of GrameenPhone who helped us to enrich this topic. We also talked to our teachers about it and they have also helped to improve and enhance the report. * Limitations We have faced some usual constraints during the course of our preparation for the report. The major limitations are as follows: * Information is not available: The data required for sufficient analysis for preparing the report was not available. We could not get all the data from a single source. * Lack of skills: Our skill is not sufficient, that is why we could not present it more attractivelyThe Company Overview Grameenphone is the leading telecommunications service provider in Bangladesh. With more than 27 million subscribers (as of October 2010) Grameenphone is the largest cellular operator in the country. It is a joint venture enterprise between Telenor and Gra meen Telecom Corporation, a non-profit sister concern of the internationally acclaimed microfinance organization and community development bank Grameen Bank. Telenor, the largest telecommunications company in Norway, owns 55. 8% shares of Grameenphone, Grameen Telecom owns 34. 2% and the remaining 10% is publicly held.It signed its license agreement with the Government on 11 November 1996 and began operations on 26 March 1997. Grameenphone was the first company to introduce GSM technology in Bangladesh. It also established the first 24-hour Call Center to support its subscribers. With the slogan Stay Close, stated goal of Grameenphone is to provide affordable telephony to the entire population of Bangladesh Managerial Values of the company Garmeenphone always tried to keep promises from its inception till today, which has bought a different dimension to its managerial techniques.Best Network Coverage, well built management, Efficient and Effective Manpower- all these brought the com pany to its destiny. Promises can be made easily; but keeping those promises is much harder than it previously. GP has come across with those promises very successfully with its Outstanding and Specialized Managerial Techniques. Grameenphone is always being respectful to others; especially to the prominent social Personalities those who directly motivating themselves into various social, economic, educative and other positive field with eye-catching role-play.GrameenPhone is the official sponsor of Bangladesh cricket team. Only this example may easily indicate the inspired to raise-up this kind of inspirations. Mission of the company Mission of GrameenPhone is to Leading the industry and exceed customer expectations by providing the best wireless services, making life and business easier. Vision the company GrameenPhone exists to help customers to get the full benefit of communications services in their daily lives. The company wants to make it easy for customers to get what they wa nt, when they want it.They are here to help. Product and Service Offered by the company Mobile telephony Grameenphone was the first operator to introduce the pre-paid mobile phone service in Bangladesh in September 1999. It offers followings pre-paid subscriptions. * Smile pre-paid: Smile is a general package provides widest coverage & clarity of speech keep user connected anytime, anywhere at an affordable rate. * Djuice: Djuice is a popular international brand, exclusively designed for young generation which provide full of fun and entertainment elements. Xplore Post-paid: Xplore is for someone who wants freedom and takes decison independently. With Xplore user can experience flexibility. * Business Solutions: Business Solutions is a complete, quality business communications service from grameenphone designed especially for business community in Bangladesh. It can provide user a customized soluation. Other Services * Internet: Grameenphone provides internet service in its coverage area. As it has EDGE/GPRS enabled network, any subscriber can access to internet through this network.Grameenphone was the first mobile operator in Bangladesh to offer EDGE services to its subscribers. * Bill Pay: A service to enable users to pay their utility bills Electricity/Gas through mobile. * Cell Bazaar: Services to enable users sell or buy products through mobile or internet. * Various other services like Stock Information, Instant Messaging, SMS Based Alerts/Services, Voice-based Services, Downloads, Music, Cricket Updates, Web SMS, and Mobile Backup etc. Organization Behavior Model An organization is a social group which distributes tasks for a collective goal.Organizational behavior is concerned with all aspects of how organizations influence the behavior of individuals and how individuals in turn influence organizations. Organizational behavior is an inter-disciplinary field that draws freely from a number of the behavioral sciences, including anthropology, psychology, sociology, and many others. The unique mission of organizational behavior is to apply the concepts of behavioral sciences to the pressing problems of management, and, more generally, to administrative theory and practice. Model is an abstraction of reality.A simplified representation of some real-world phenomenon. Basic OB model include three level are individual level, group level and, organizational system level. These three basic levels are analogous to building blocks; each level is constructed on the previous level. For example, group concepts grow out on the foundation laid in the individual section. Each level holds several factors that make a complete organizational behavior model. Individual level’s factors are Biographical characteristic, personality, emotions, values, attitude, ability, perception, motivation, learning which leads to individual decision making.Group level includes group decision making, leadership and trust, group structure, work team, power and p olicies, communication and conflict. Organizational system level holds Organizational structure, organizational culture and human resource policies. Fig: OB Model OB Model from the view point of Grameenphone Organizational System Level * Human resource policies GrameenPhone is the pioneer in the field of human resource management, employee care and competence development in Bangladesh. GrameenPhone is currently employing approximately 5000 people of which 84 % is under 31 years old.The employees are spread out in six office zones throughout the country, with Dhaka being the largest with 3561 employees. Most of the staff has university backgrounds within fields such as management, marketing, economics, finance and engineering. The turnover rate of employee in 2006 was 8%, and a preliminary 4% so far for 2007. The number of resignations peaked in 2005 when new operators penetrated the market and offered higher salaries to GrameenPhone employees, but this was still relatively low. One could argue that low turnover rates are a good indicator of a healthy work environment.Human Resource Development GrameenPhone offers employee guidance on several stages, in addition to a general introduction for new employees. At junior management level, GrameenPhone in collaboration with the British Council offers in house training in basic management skills and workshops. Furthermore management training at junior and middle levels is offered in collaboration with the Indian Institute of Management. Finally for senior management GrameenPhone offers a module based program in cooperation with Stockholm School of Economics. This program is custom made for GrameenPhone.Employee Benefits In addition to a relatively high salary, GrameenPhone employees are offered several bene? ts. In an annual survey comparing 10 competitors and similar companies in other industries, GrameenPhone identifies the wage distribution and bases its own wage levels on those in the upper quartile. As a part of the employee policy, GrameenPhone is also providing monthly education grants to children of all employees‘until the age of 21. This grant is a ? xed monthly sum for each child. In compliance with the local legislation GrameenPhone is bu? ding a pension fund for its employees.In addition to the required minimum level, GrameenPhone also invests in provident funds. 10 % of the employee‘s salary is paid on a monthly basis into the fund. All employees are entitled and covered by health and medical insurance. This also applies to family members. Code of Conduct Upon entering the company, all employees must sign a code of conduct. The document presents guidelines for proper conduct and ethical behavior. It is divided into four parts: Firstly, general guidelines describe the rationale behind this document, namely the importance of communicating corporate values and for employees to adopt them.This section includes broad, overarching topics such as human worth, working environmen t health, loyalty and confidentiality and reporting/disclosure among others. The second section refers to the relationship with customers, suppliers, competitors and public authorities. The main message here is that all stakeholders should be treated with respect and that unethical interaction, such as receiving expensive gifts and services are unacceptable. The third section looks at the employee's private interests and actions in relation to the company.Here political activism and other external duties are encouraged up to the level where it will not interfere with their work at GrameenPhone. The last section emphasizes that all misconduct or indeed suspicions of such activity must be reported immediately. It ensures the employee that no reprisals will be undertaken towards them. In other words: whistle-blowing is allowed and promoted. Organizational Culture Organizational culture is a system of shared values, assumptions, beliefs, and norms that unite the members of an organizati on because it reflects, â€Å"What it's like to work here. This becomes apparent through the visible level of the culture, the espoused values that are not observe but rather explained and justified, and through the core beliefs that are widely shared through the organization. Importance of Organizational Culture A. Employee Self-Management – Induce employees to behave in a particular way without close supervision or formal mechanisms, many of which are informal and unspecified. B. Stability – Cultures creates a sense of continuity in the midst of change and intense competitive pressure. C.Socialization – The process of internalizing or taking organizational values as one’s own. The Culture of Grameenphone Ltd. also known as THE GP WAY is â€Å"how GP is doing business† — it’s all about itemizing and reinforcing their vision & values, leadership expectations, codes of conduct and governing principles in GP’s daily life at work and deliver upon the brand promise — Stay Close. The Employee Relations team is responsible for ensuring vibrant Organizational Culture, sustaining GP as the preferred Employer Brand in the country.Human rights Grameenphone supports the internationally proclaimed human rights including UN declaration and conventions on human rights. Employees shall respect the personal dignity, privacy, and rights of each individual interact with during the course of work and shall not in any way cause or contribute to the violation or circumvention of human rights. Working Environment Gramcenphone provide a professional workplace with an inclusive working environment including the international Labor Organization's core conventions.Grameenphone is opposed to discriminatory practices therefore, no direct or indirect negative discrimination have taken place based on race, color, gender, sexual orientation, age, disability, language, religion, legitimate political or other opinions, national o r social origin, property, birth or status. Occupational Health, Safety and Employee security Grameenphone is careful about the field of health, safety and employee security to promote good health and safe working environment in compliance with internationally recognized standards.Employee shares the responsibility for achieving this goal. GP always do their outmost to control hazards and take necessary precautions to prevent accidents and occupational diseases. Freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining Grameenphone recognizes the right to freedom of association and collective bargaining in mature labor environments. In such environments Grameenphone allow its employees to freely elect representatives among the employees, unless this would represent a breach of national laws and regulations.Such employee representatives shall be allowed to carry out their functions unhindered at the work place. Loyalty, impartiality, conflict of interests and related party transa ctions Grameenphone respects the individual employee’s right to a private life and private interests. But it demands openness and loyalty to the Company and the Company's interest. Conflicts of interest, wherever possible have been avoided. Confidentiality Every employee in the Company has a duty of confidentiality by law and written agreement.The duty of confidentiality also applies after the conclusion of employment or contractual relationship with Grameenphone for as long as the information is considered to be of a sensitive nature or in any other way confidential. Private interest and actions An employee of Grameenphone shall not hold another position or carry out work for others during working hours without prior express written permission from his supervisor. Political activity Grameenphone does not give support to political parties, either in the form of direct financial support or paid working time.Employees who take part in political activities will be granted leave from their work in accordance with the law and any agreements. Organization Structure The following organogram shows the organizational structure of Grameenphone including hierarchy of authority and responsibility. Group Level GP believe in group task that’s why they separate every department and sub department with group. This group is assigned different or similar task to which helps the department rune fast and smoothly. In Grameenphone there are groups from top level to the bottom.This helps the company to take itself in a proper destination Leadership In the organogram of GP, we can see every department has a leader and as well as every team and every department has its own leader. Some top leaders of GP * ? Tore Johnsen(CEO) * ? Mr. Raihan Shamsi (CFO) * ? Mr. Arnfinn Groven(CPO) * ? Mr. Arild Kaale(CMO) * ? Mr. Kazi Monirul Kabir(CCO) * ? Mr. Mahmud Hossain(CCAO) * ? Mr. Tanveer Mohammad(CTO) Communication The AoA of the Company requires the Board to meet at least four times a year or more when duly called for in writing by a Board member.Dates for Board Meetings in the ensuing year are decided in advance and notice of each Board Meeting is served in writing well in advance. The roles of the Board and Chief Executive Officer are separate and delineation of responsibilities is clearly established, set out in writing and agreed by the Board to ensure transparency and better corporate governance. To that end, GP has also adopted â€Å"Governance Guidelines for Chief Executive Officer†. The CEO is the authoritative head for day-to-day management in GP.He acts to reasonably ensure that GP develops and conducts business as per the Articles of Association, decisions made by the Board and shareholder, as well as according to Grameenphone Policies and Procedures, and applicable regulatory legislations. Team work Business is like a game of chess. Every move matters. Time is precious. The location and movement of each piece is a must-know for one to win the game. Today's competitive and fast changing business world demands the same. With Grameenphone’s â€Å"Team Tracker†, employee can locate his/her workforce and direct them towards the achievement of your business goals.Team Tracker is a new value-added solution for the Business Market. This solution will help bring about efficiency to the value chain of organizations having field employees. Managing field operations & directing field employees towards the business success has always been a concern for field managements like National & Regional Sales Managers, Area Managers & Distributors. With the services of Grameenphone’s Team Tracker, organizations can now locate its employees, assign tasks to them digitally & also receive task updates electronically.The system is robust enough to handle data for even a thousand employees. Features of the Service: * Real-time overview of outdoor employee movements on the map * Location based task delegation and proact ive workload allocation * Instant task status update * Business Reports generation on Employee Location & Task status based on organizational hierarchy By using this solution, a company is expected to gain: * Faster Actions * Excellent planning and precise workforce management * Efficient workload assignment to lead to greater employee satisfaction * Cost EfficiencyIndividual Level Motivation The job of a manager in the workplace is to get things done through employees. To do this the manager should be able to motivate employees. But that's easier said than done. Motivation practice and theory are difficult subjects, touching on several disciplines. In spite of enormous research, basic as well as applied, the subject of motivation is not clearly understood and more often than not poorly practiced. To understand motivation one must understand human nature itself.And there lies the problem In Grameenphone as we all know that it’s a government organization so they not give such motivational package which an employee get in private organization . But without motivation package no employee give their maximum to the organization . some motivational package which Grameenphone give there employee free telephone facility, promotion and so on. Dealing with other factors: Employee Training Employee training is the planned effort of an organization to help each employee learn the job related behaviors and skills they will need to do their job properly.It is a set of planned activities that the organization will have their employees complete in order to increase their job knowledge and skills and to have them get accustomed to the attitudes and social atmosphere of the company. It will help the employee to be familiar with the goals of the organization and the job requirements. There are typical steps that go into a training program. These are outlined below. 1) Conduct Needs Assessment: A need is described as a â€Å"gap† between what is currently known and what will be needed now and in the future.These gaps in knowledge could be between what an organization expects to happen and what actually does, how employees are performing on the job and how the organization desires them to perform, and existing skills and desired skill level . In order to conduct an assessment there are some analyses that must be done * An organizational analyses determines the effectiveness of an organization, where training is needed and under what actually does, how individual employees are performing on the job and how the organization desires them to perform, and existing skills and desired skill level .In order to conduct an assessment there are some analyses that must be done. * An organizational analyses determines the effectiveness of an organization ,where training is needed and under what conditions the training will be conducted. * A task analysis is used to provide data about a job or group of jobs, and the knowledge, skills ,attitudes and abilities that are needed to achieve optimum performance. This information can come from job descriptions, task analyses, employee questionnaires and interviews, performance evaluation, and observation of the workplace. Finally, person analysis analyses how well an individual employee is doing their job and determines which specific employees need training and what kind of training. The methods of this kind of analysis include employee questionnaires and interviews, performance evaluation, skill and knowledge testing and the observation of behavior and results. 2) Implement Training Methods: Now that the analysis has been done, the training method needs to be chosen. The two most frequently used training methods include:* Lecture: Lecture involves one-way communication, from instructor to learner -the learner is passive in the process. On-the-job-training: This method involves such methods as apprenticeship and mentoring, where the employee is actively engaged in the type of work they will l ater be doing on their own. * Programmed instruction: This is a form of instruction that is pre-programmed and then delivered methodologically to an individual. This form of instruction is self-paced -the employee determines how fast they will learn and complete the steps and it is often completed more quickly than group training. It can be delivered via a computer and can be costly toprepare. Simulations: This sort of training involves an employee being placed into a simulated situation of what may occur in real on-the-job situations. Techniques include: Case studies where trainees analyze a problem outlined in a report and offer solutions; role playing where simulated roles are acted out; and behavioral modeling where trainees observe proper work behavior and then role play it. Part of the implementation of the training is making sure that the training is actually teaching the employees the skills they will need – this is known as the Transfer of Training.A more technical d efinition is: the extent to which the knowledge, skills or attitudes learned in the training will be used or applied on the job. There are ways to increase the probability of what employees are being trained will really relate to their actual job behavior. To do this, one can maximize the similarity between the training situation and the job situation, provide a variety of examples when teaching skills and reward trained behaviors and ideas on the job. 3) Training Evaluation:Training evaluation is used to evaluate the reactions of the learners, measure the learning that occurred, assess on-the-job behaviors, identify business results that are due to the training and calculate if the investment in training has had any return in the gains of the company. Business results can be measured in â€Å"hard† data and â€Å"soft† data. Hard data are measures of productivity, quality, material costs, absenteeism and turnover and customer satisfaction. Soft data is items such as j ob satisfaction, teamwork, and organizational commitment on the part of the employeesBiographical characteristics, personality and emotions perception ability, and value attituds this things in are depends on person to person. Although gpaminphon follow a selection process to choose an employee with positive Biographical characteristic ,personality and emotions perception ability ,and value attitudes Selection & Recruitment: (From external source) * Management consultant * Advertisement * Management institute * Recommendation * Deputation personnel Selection process * Job analysis * Initial screening * Application bank * Test * Interview * Reference check * Medical final and Recommendation Roster Management: Working time is different for full time employees and part time employees. Very often it has been seen that part time employees do not get enough flexibility in their work schedule. It’s very hard to get leave or bring change in roster. Resource Management need to give mo re focus on part time employee too as they are not less competent in comparison to any full time employee. It will create a more harmonious work environment and it will also improve the motivation level of the employees. * Remove frequent changes in process: Frequent changes in process make the employees confused.It also hampers the business performance. It increases the service delivery time and produces low customer satisfaction. To reduce the hassles for both agent and customers it is quite important to adopt a flexible and user friendly process. * Establish strong coordination among segments: Coordination among systems helps to serve customer in the very exact way it has been designed. Other than that it creates conflict and misunderstanding scenarios among segments. People from different segment have their own point of view. So it needs to be ensured that all of them have common platform to carry their job Responsibility in right manner.Conclusion Maintain organizational behavi ors leads an organization to manage its function smoothly at the same time enable it to attain its goal. Through the transfer of technology, managerial expertise and effective business model Grameenphone have established an advance policy for their organization and their employees. This in turns plays a significant role to make the company as a leading mobile operator company. References * http://en. wikipedia. org * http://www. scribd. com * http://managementhelp. org * http://www. grameenphone. com

Case Study on East Meets West: Business Joint Ventures Essay

* Why would a joint venture partner from a planned economy have difficulty understanding that the consumer is king or queen? Answer: Every economy has its own characteristics as both good and bad as well. In any economy, there are rules and regulations fortified in the manner to help the citizens and so that the businesses can get enough revenue from their customers. As we see in today’s world, we can see that only the open economies are getting through the international competition and sustaining in the long run of multitasking operations. As in a planned economy like Soviet Union, Marxism-Lenism had some limitations too. Usually there are not many competitors and whosoever the businesses are; the procedures are controlled directly by the govt. The businesses started to think that customers will have to buy whatever they offer because they have not much of alternative choices. Maybe that can be alright for their country but not sustainable for any other country in this world. On an open economy, businesses understand, they have to satisfy the customers only and customers have a set of choices and alternatives available in the market. If their business can’t offer something much superior or different, there revenues will suffer. That’s why, because of the understanding of the business, they treat their customer as kings or queens. * Could a small business owner tolerate a business deal that had little probability of being profitable within the first 10 years? Answer: Small business owner doesn’t mean the entrepreneur doesn’t have any other businesses or way of earning. But if the business is only the way, of course no one will be able to tolerate this kind of business deal. Usually these kinds of deals are inevitable in industries like real estate, long term investment firms etc. There are not much information here about a planned economy right here and we can’t see how much they appreciated the FDIs is in their land. But in an open economy like most of the economies of this world, there have to be revenues actually. The businesses will have to pay their costs and maintain their operations running at any cause. At least their have to be sales enough to maintain both the variable and fixed costs of the business, If there are not much of profits, the business won’t have to pay much tax rate but if there are loans and financial debts, they will have to pay a certain percentage of their profits and if the forecasted profit s are not enough to pay, eventually they won’t get any kind financial help from any financial institution. As 10 years is a long time to build brand equity to the customers in an open economy, any one of the ventures can be impatient and break the deal. At any cost, maybe not for two years, or 3 years, the profit must come then enough to occupy the market and satisfy the contractors. Usually, for the first years of a business firm, they invest in getting brad equity and setting up customer loyalty and also in understanding the consumer behavior in their current operations. But this is brand management in their long term investment. But eventually, in joint ventures any one of the parties are sustainable and able to run their operations and known to be at least a provider of a certain group of customers. Profits may not come to be a point in these areas of generation but when the venture is formed and ready to serve the market, after calculating the time to build a level a brand equity and CRM, they must obtain profit to run their business enthusiasm. Even of there are big business owners. I suspect if they will be able to deal with such improbability. * Why have few Americans been willing to enter into joint ventures with Soviet partners today? Answer: As the situation provided is due to the environment in mid-1991, there are certain points to consider. We know that, in mid-1991, the recession of US was ended. Thus many companies who was facing a huge amount of loss got their heads up and start their operations again. In the 1990s, Gorbachev’s policy of perestroika offered the people little in substantive, near-term economic improvement, and his policies of demokratizatsiia resulted in rapidly raising their expectations while lessening the regime’s controls over society. As a result, in mid-1991 the Soviet Union appeared to be a disintegrating federation with a collapsing economy and a despairing, confused society. In August 1991, Bush and Gorbachev signed the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, which required the United States and the Soviet Union to cut their nuclear weapons within seven years so that each side would have only 4,900 ballistic missile nuclear warheads as part of a total of 6,000 warheads. The two countr ies had been engaged in the Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (START) since 1982. In another collaborative effort, the Soviet Union voted with the United States and an international coalition of nations to oppose the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq, a nation that had been the recipient of substantial amounts of Soviet military advice, equipment, and weapons. There has been a lot of changes in USA and Soviet Union constitutions on that time, maybe the destruction of weapons and an urge of being able to dominate each other’s economy, they came close to get to business relationships. Both of them were two of the most powerful part of the world and maybe one of them was trying to dominate the other but these are political overlooks. The business point of view strategizes the collapse of socialism in Soviet Union and because to the law changes in the field of business policy, there could be alliance powerful enough to understand the multinational consumer behavior of the other countries. Maybe those are the reasons why there has been so much eagerness of these countries to come close in professional relationships and diplomacy. References: 1. Soviet Union, Country Data, http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-12406.html 2. Business for the 21st century by Steven J Skinner and John M. Ivancevich.2003.

Sixth Sense essays

Sixth Sense essays Many works of literature can be analyzed in many different ways. In the movie The Sixth Sense many aspects of the movie portray a great deal of religious symbolism. I will use the New Criticism approach to analyze these symbols. The uses of religious symbolism include Coles religious figurines taken from the church, the many trips and prayers in the chapel and the numerous prayers Coles says during the times he is frightened by the ghosts he sees. Coles religious figurines he has set up in his man-made red tent of Jesus, Virgin Mary and many angels is a way Cole tries to prevent the ghosts and demons from interfering with him. What is ironic about these figures is the fact that he stole them from a church, a religious building and betraying gods words of It is wrong to steal. Cole believes that these figures will allow god to protect him from these ghosts who he thinks are trying to kill him, but are really only trying to come to him for help as he thinks he is going to god for help with the figurines. Another ironic aspect to this is that Cole is afraid of the ghosts, but the only person he can talk to about his problems is the Doctor, who in turn is a ghost himself, who doesnt realize so. By keeping this distress to himself, Cole feels his life is uncontrollable and can not live a normal childhood like he would like. All of this is too much for a boy of young age to deal with, without the support of a older figure, bu t his mother still expects him to act like a normal child. Many times during the movie Cole visits the church sanctuary to pray to god for help. This location denotes good faith and godly duties, yet his youth is still plagued by the never-ending haunt of ghostly creature interfering with his conviction to god. The church denotes a false sense of a safe place in the movie. Cole often tells of the ghosts he sees, but i ...

50 Cent Rapper Life Review Essay Sample

50 Cent Rapper Life Review Essay Sample 50 Cent Rapper Life Review Essay Example 50 Cent Rapper Life Review Essay Example Motivation, hard work, good luck, and enthusiasm are the pledge of success. Despite the fact that the majority of people associate success with money, it is directly connected with the feeling of satisfaction. Success involves several essential aspects of happiness, especially physical and spiritual health, emotional and, finally, material well-being. Taking into account the fact that numerous singers, dancers, and rappers are classified as successful people, the given paper aims to shed light on the brilliant career and fortune of 50 Cent in the sphere of music and business. Life and  Rap career Taking into consideration the biographic data of 50 Cent, it is important to note that Curtis James Jackson III is not only a recognized rapper but a successful actor, investor as well as an entrepreneur (McKellop). Regardless the fact that 50 Cent faced numerous problems in the past as the rapper participated in distribution of drugs during the â€Å"crack epidemic† in the 1980s, his â€Å"addiction† to music motivated him to overcome himself and move forward towards his dream. At present, 50 Cent is one of the most prosperous and, at the same time, best-selling rappers in the world. Curtis Jackson successfully survived failure on the way to success and gained worldwide recognition (McKellop). For example, in 1994, while drug dealing and possession, he was forced to spend some time in the correctional boot camp. However, this bitter life experience did not obstruct him on the way to worldwide fame. In other words, difficult childhood, mother’s death, and drug de aling did not ruin the willpower of this famous man (McKellop). Rap career may be compared to a so-called orientation point that motivated 50 Cent not to give up and fight to the end. At present, an estimated net worth of 50 Cent is equal to $140 million (McKellop). Despite the fact that many people claim that success and fame of 50 Cent are almost unreal, Curtis Jackson’s story is incredibly inspiring. There are numerous convincing proofs that explain the unprecedented success of 50 Cent as a worldwide renowned rapper as well as a great entrepreneur (Hamm). To begin with, it is rather important to note that 50 Cent never forgets about hard work. According to the point of view of 50 Cent, this rule is the most reliable because persistent work will definitely be rewarded in a certain moment of people’s life. Secondly, intense realism is considered to be the second key to success. Robert Greene, the coauthor of the book The 50th Law expresses the idea that 50 Cent has a unique ability to assess real-world situations in an appropriate way and make conclusions about significance of these situations in the competitive business world (Hamm). 50 Cent claims that people who want to succeed in future should focus on their experiences while starting a new business, because experience gives people the chance to find the way out of the worst situations. Life, as 50 Cent believes, is a game, therefore experience is not a waste of time, but a valuable source of knowledge and the unique opportunity to avoid life traps and mistakes. Thirdly, the rapper assures that successful people should take up space in the world. In other words, great confidence, risk-taking, and, finally, fearless behavior have influenced the success of 50 Cent (Hamm). 50 Cent is a unique person because he hides his fears, skepticism, and doubt in front of large business moguls. Besides, 50 Cent is an ambitious and courageous rapper that acts as a leader in the business world. Finally, friends of 50 Cent confess that he is an incredibly patient person who has succeeded in overcoming discouragement and failures (Hamm). During the interview with 50 Cent about his extraordinary success, he claims that he followed numerous â€Å"rules† that helped him to push his fortunes. With more than 30 million albums sold during his brilliant career, this famous man has encouraged thousands of people around the globe not to give up despite numerous difficulties. Taking into account the point of view of Evan Carmichael, 50 Cent is a unique person who started from the very bottom and with the course of time rose to the top of success, fame, wealth, and fortune. Thus, the most significant rules that gave the rapper the chance to surpass himself are as follows (Hamm): hard work; enthusiasm; consideration and assessment of past gains and mistakes; understanding that money is not the only measurement of success; pursuing own dreams; being ready to accept the risk; having good sense of humor; being ready to give back (Hamm). According to the estimations of 50 Cent, he as a rapper has managed to make his rap career, and, consequently, musical success because he never gives up. In one of his recent interviews, 50 Cents gives certain recommendations or â€Å"tips† to people who are willing to achieve success in their life (Western). First of all, 50 Cent claims that the only voice that really matters is yours. In other words, the rapper assures that disbelief and doubts prevent people from moving forward. Secondly, 50 Cent confesses that he has always tried to reinvent himself because this unique feature provides him the excellent chance to adapt to changing conditions of the business environment. In such a way, so-called â€Å"reinvention† will offer a chance to every enthusiast to be tuned-in and go with the times (Western). Thirdly, the rapper claims that successful people should not compromise their character. In simple words, the rapper assures that in case family, friends, and relatives say that one’s dreams are unrealistic, people should ignore them because they will definitely fail to reach their dreams with such â€Å"reliable† support (Western). Fourthly, the rapper states that he has always kept working. 50 Cent believes that things will always go wrong in case laziness exceeds attempts and work. Persistence, confidence in personal strengths, and enthusiasm will give people the chance to achieve greatness. Fifthly, 50 Cent confesses that he has devoted his entire life to his dreams (Western). For instance, the phrase â€Å"get rich or die trying† is considered to be the life credo of 50 Cent. Moreover, it is extremely important to note the fact that this distinguished rapper states the death should motivate people instead of crippling them. For instance, during one of the interviews, 50 Cent says that when he nearly died, it made him think that it could happen again any second (Western). Consequently, he made a decision to live like he had never lived before. In other words, nothing should stop people on their way to success. So, people should not be bored and do nothing because the time of every person is limited. Therefore, 50 Cent claims that people who dream about money, success, and happiness should make progress towards their inner goals, travel, get new experiences, and meet new people (Western). The famous rapper affirms that he has managed to combat boredom and laziness. He assures that many people in this world are unhappy because they fail to cope with boredom (Western). Finally, 50 Cent, one of the wealthiest celebrities in the world of music, is convinced that every negative experience is actually a positive one because failure has nothing in common with a total loss. On the contrary, failure should be understood as an inevitable element or part of the success that drastically increases the chances of people to do things the right way (Western). Having determined, analyzed, and assessed successes and fortunes of 50 Cent in the sphere of music and entrepreneurship, I would like to stress that the biography of 50 Cent has really inspired me. Despite the fact that I am not a professional who can judge such a well-known personality as 50 Cent, and criticize his successes as well as failures in music and financial spheres, I believe that 50 Cent is a â€Å"created person†. In other words, I am a proponent of the idea that heritability and genes have nothing in common with his tremendous success and global recognition. On the contrary, I am convinced that he â€Å"created† himself, his fame, and wealth with the help of his desire, enthusiasm, stubborn character, and well-developed leadership traits. To be honest, I think that 50 Cent does not set restrictions and limitations on what he can achieve. Consequently, he has succeeded in becoming a wealthy entrepreneur, actor, singer, and rapper because he never places limits on himself and his strengths. He is a self-reliant and confident person who has become his own boss. Finally, I would like to sum up that I extremely appreciate his commitment to his work, engagement with his fans or followers, and, finally his philanthropy. Despite his financial problems and numerous imperfections, I believe that 50 Cent is one of the brightest examples of renowned celebrities who took pains in order to gain unbelievably enormous musical and business successes. To be honest, if I had an opportunity, I would do nothing differently on the stage of hip hop and finance because I absolutely agree to the decisions of 50 Cent. In other words, I believe that enormous success of this rapper in the spheres of business and music may be explained by the right decisions he made. Thus, in my opinion, he was not mistaken when he decided to combine rapper care er with entrepreneurship, investments, and, finally, philanthropy. I suppose that such recommendations of 50 Cent as finding huge opportunities even in failures, keeping the flow moving, respecting process as well as experience, disregarding the limits, and, finally, confronting the mortality may be followed by every person who is willing to exceed all expectations. To sum up, I would like to emphasize that I admire this personality because he is a kind and caring person who is ready to share his wealth with the world. In other words, I deeply appreciate his philanthropy and hope that 50 Cent does not do it with the purposes of advertising, but to help poor and destitute people feeling the need in his financial assistance.